Principles of Learning and Teaching: Pre K-12 (5625) Flashcards
Which of the following activities will most likely require students to use higher-order thinking skills?
Developing conclusions based on evidence stated in a text
Which of the following teacher strategies is most effective for increasing students’ self-motivation?
Allowing students to select topics of study that interest them
Which of the following activities is most helpful for a beginning teacher when making use of reflection for professional growth?
Maintaining a journal on the effectiveness of different teaching methods
Before students read a chapter from the class novel, the teacher asks them to record a prediction in their reading journals about what they think is going to happen. After they finish reading the chapter, the teacher asks them to comment on the predictions they made before reading. The act of making and thinking about predictions is primarily an example of
Metacognition
Which TWO of the following statements are primary advantages of a teacher using an analytic rubric to evaluate a student’s oral presentation to the class?
Providing students with clear feedback on why a particular score was given increases students’ understanding of how to improve learning.
Using an analytic rubric reduces bias by allowing the teacher to evaluate work against a fixed set of criteria.
Which of the following statements best relates to Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development?
Learning is facilitated by the assistance of a more knowledgeable adult or peer.
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a criterion-referenced test?
It measures student performance against specific learning standards.
Betsy watches her older brother build a bridge with plastic blocks. According to Bandura’s theory of learning, which of the following describes how observing her brother will most likely affect Betsy?
She will attempt to imitate her brother’s actions.
A fourth-grade teacher wants to assess the level of student understanding during a math lesson. The teacher asks the students to respond to a series of questions with thumbs-up or thumbs-down to indicate their answer. Most students indicate incorrect responses to several questions. Which of the following strategies is best for the teacher to implement next?
Adjusting instruction immediately to correct the errors
A teacher-centered, skill-building instructional model in which the teacher provides the majority of the information is best known as which of the following?
Direct
Which of the following best describes the type of scoring that applies many criteria at the same time to evaluate an end-of-course project and results in a single grade?
Holistic scoring
Which of the following is a teacher’s best course of action when a sixth-grade student answers a question incorrectly?
Asking the student a probing question to understand the student’s reason for the response
Which TWO of the following are benefits of using formative assessments in the classroom?
Giving the teacher timely feedback that can be used to adjust instruction
Allowing for administration with minimum preparation or planning
Which of the following statements is best supported by current research in education?
Student choice in learning activities increases active student engagement.
Which of the following best promotes self-evaluation skills in students?
Keeping a developmental portfolio
A physical education teacher decides to teach students how to execute the jump shot by showing them videos of great basketball players performing the action. Students then practice the shot based on the video. Which of the following educational theories is the teacher’s technique most based on?
Social learning
A teacher is disciplining a fourth grader for misbehavior in the lunchroom. As the student describes the incident, the teacher continually contradicts the student’s account. The student becomes increasingly agitated, resulting in disrespectful behavior and further discipline. Which of the following changes in the teacher’s communication is most likely to improve the outcome of the discipline?
Repeating what the student says to confirm understanding
Throughout the year, a teacher assists students with developing and achieving specific, challenging, short-term goals. Which of the following is the teacher helping to foster in the students?
Self-efficacy
Which TWO of the following are distinguishing characteristics of interdisciplinary instruction?
Combines knowledge and skills associated with two or more content areas
Uses teams of teachers to plan lessons, deliver instruction, and create assessments
Which of the following is an accurate statement about successful mentor observations of classroom teachers?
Multiple observations completed by mentors allow teachers to see an improvement in their practice.
A seventh-grade teacher prepares the following question for a test.
Plant photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. It requires a green substance called chlorophyll to occur. Its chemical equation is 6 C O 2 plus 6 H 2 O, react to produce, C 6 H 12 O 6 plus 6 O 26CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2 . In which part of the plant does photosynthesis occur? Based on guidelines for constructing good questions, the teacher should have avoided the use of
irrelevant information
Which of the following is the median for the following set of scores: 85, 90, 87, 100, and 95?
90
An English learner (EL) recently dismissed from the English as a Second Language (ESL) program is now having difficulty in science. The student is proficient in everyday spoken English but has difficulty answering questions orally during class and responding in writing to test questions. Which of the following should the teacher do to best support the development of the student’s academic language proficiency?
Scaffold instruction to support the student’s comprehension.
A social studies teacher assigns students a research project on the Civil Rights movement. The school librarian is assisting the teacher for the duration of the project. Which of the following responsibilities is best handled by the school librarian?
Helping students identify credible sources for the project
A seventh-grade language arts teacher plans an instructional unit based on a novel that students will read in class. Which of the following activities is most appropriate to include in the unit if the students are in the formal operational stage of cognitive development?
Writing an explanation about the symbolism found in the novel
An eighth-grade class is using a computer software program to learn French. The students enjoy using the program, but they become frustrated when it frequently loops back to vocabulary they were shown earlier. The students most likely do not understand that
repeated exposure will help them place the vocabulary words in a schema
A fourth-grade teacher wants to evaluate students’ analyses of plot structure in a chapter book the class has just read. Which of the following assessments is the teacher’s best choice?
Extended constructed response
Which of the following contributes most to the development of an inviting and inclusive environment for middle school students?
Assigning an adult advocate to monitor each student’s academic and social development
A third-grade teacher works on reading skills with students after reading a story to them at the beginning of the week. At the end of the week, the teacher asks the students to list the sequence of events from the story. Which of the following types of memory are the students primarily using to create the list?
Long-term memory
Which of the following best describes the scope and sequence of a curriculum guide?
The content of the curriculum and the order in which it will be presented
Which of the following is the most appropriate use of an analytical checklist for assessment in the classroom?
Monitoring student success at completing a multistep project
A third-grade teacher uses a token system to recognize cooperative behavior and reward effort. The teacher is demonstrating an understanding of which of the following?
Extrinsic motivation
Which of the following is a curriculum accommodation appropriate for a student with an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
A set of supplementary materials
A fourth-grade teacher is preparing a lesson on reading historical maps. Which of the following questions requires students to use higher-level thinking?
Why did people build the cities where they did?
A science teacher wants to build a garden on school property for students to grow plants and study life cycles. The teacher creates an action plan that includes goals for involving the community. Which of the following describes the best first step for the teacher’s action plan?
Meeting with administrators to talk about the purpose and scope of the project
A fourth-grade teacher places students in small groups. Each group receives a soil sample from a geographic region of the United States. The teacher instructs students to examine the sample and note its characteristics. Students then study various geographic regions, including each region’s vegetation, animal life, minerals, and natural resources. The teacher challenges students to use the information they have found about the sample and each region to hypothesize the sample’s origin. The activity is an example of which of the following instructional models?
Indirect
A teacher implements message journals in the classroom. The teacher sends a journal home with each student on Monday, along with a note regarding accomplishments, concerns, needs, and upcoming school events. Parents return the journals on Thursday with any questions or concerns. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the journals?
Supporting communication between home and school
Which of the following would be the most beneficial result from a teacher’s use of a variety of assessment formats in the classroom?
Achieving a more comprehensive picture of a student’s learning process
A curriculum director asks the sixth-grade teaching team to evaluate new mathematics textbooks for possible purchase. When the team reviews the textbooks, it is most important for team members to consider the
vertical alignment of the curricular content
Which of the following best describes the primary role of a mentor working with a new teacher?
The mentor observes the new teacher in the classroom and then meets with the teacher to discuss and reflect on the observations and plan strategies for improvement.