Principles of immunization Flashcards
What are the types of vaccines
Attenuated infectious agents, Inactivated/detoxified agents
T/F: Attenuated maintain their immunogenicity but their virulence is gone
True
What is a benefit of attenuated vaccines
generally considered to conger lifelong immunity in those who respond to antigen production increases
What is attenuated vaccine that doesn’t last for life
MMR
Which vaccine gives a stronger immune response
Attenuated
Why do inactivated vaccines have higher doses
The amount of antigen does not increase once in the patient
T/F: Inactivated vaccines usually only need one shot and last for life
False: Inactivated vaccines are usually needed multiple times and only last years
What determines the immunogenicity of a vaccine
chemical and physical states of the antigen, characteristics of the individual, how the antigen is presented
What are the characteristics of an individual that affect immunogenicity
genetics, physical condition
What parts of antigen presentation affect immunogenicity
route of administration, dose, timing of dose, adjuvants
What are benefits of T-lymphocyte-dependent immune response
induces immunologic memory, boosts effects with repeat administration, provides immunogenicity to all age group
What age groups of patients do not benefit from T-lymphocyte-independent response, do repeated injections help
infants, young children and elderly/ no
T/F: T-lymphocyte-independent response cannot be overcome
False: T-lymphocyte independent response can be overcome through a T-lymphocyte dependent immune response through linkage to a carrier protein
What route gives systemic IgG
IM and SC
What route gives local IgA and some systemic IgG
Oral or nasal
How long does it take for a full immune response
2 weeks
How long does it take to for antibodies to circulate, what is the order
7-10 days/ low affinty IgM antibodies first followed by high affinity IgG
How fast is the 2nd response to the same antigen
4 to 5 days
T/F: Once approved, vaccines do not need to repeat the process of development even if the components change
True
When does the patent life on vaccines end
They do not
What is the success rate for vaccines
mostly 80%
What must be considered before a vaccine is used
risk of disease, risk of vaccine, benefit of vaccine
How are is the inactivated influenza vaccine manufactured
manufactured in eggs
What does the trivalent vaccine contain, quadrivalent
A viruses H1N1 and H3N2 and one B strain, quadrivalent vaccine contains two B strains
