HIV/AIDS

Question 1

What is HIV

Answer 1

a single stranded RNA retrovirus

Question 2

Where are the two HIV located

Answer 2

1-Europe, 2-Africa

Question 3

How does HIV attack the immune system

Answer 3

killing of CD4+ T cells

Question 4

What is a normal CD4+ T cell count, can a person with HIV have this count

Answer 4

greater than 500 cells/mm3, yes

Question 5

What is a moderate to low CD4+ T cell count

Answer 5

between 500 cells/mm3 and 200 cells/mm3

Question 6

What is the CD4+ count that is diagnosed as AIDS

Answer 6

less than 200 cells/mm3 or less than 14% of total T cell count

Question 7

At what level can someone receive a live virus vaccine

Answer 7

greater than 200 cells/mm3

Question 8

What are other factors that can impact CD4

Answer 8

medications (chemotherapy ,interferon), disease states (Hepatits, splenectomy), acute infections, lab variations

Question 9

What is the best way to know how much HIV-1 is in a person’s blood

Answer 9

HIV-1 RNA aka viral load

Question 10

What is the key goal of treatment with HIV-1 medicines, why

Answer 10

Reduce the viral load as much as possible and keep it low, people with lower viral loads are also less likely to transmit HIV to others

Question 11

What are risk factors for transmission of HIV

Answer 11

Exchange of bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal, breast milk), unprotected sex, intravenous drug use, needles, mother to child

Question 12

T/F: Condoms are 100% effective in preventing HIV

Answer 12

False: It reduces risk by 80%

Question 13

Where are most of the people who have HIV

Answer 13

sub-Saharan Africa

Question 14

How many people with HIV, newly infected

Answer 14

37 million, 2 million

Question 15

T/F: The HIV genome is made up of 2 single strand copies of Viral RNA

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is p24 anitgen

Answer 16

new way to test for HIV

Question 17

What is the first step in HIV-1 lifecycle

Answer 17

Bind to the CD4+ T cell through its gp120 subunit

Question 18

What is the second step in HIV-1 lifecycle

Answer 18

HIV virion and the CD4+ T cell membrane fuse together

Question 19

T/F: DNA from the virus is transcribed into RNA and enters the nucleus

Answer 19

False: HIV RNA is released with reverse transcriptase converting the HIV RNA into HIV DNA allowing the HIV DNA to enter the nucleus

Question 20

How does HIV DNA get intergrated into the host DNA of the CD4+ cell

Answer 20

intergrase

Question 21

T/F: Using the “machinery” of the CD4+ T-cell, HIV begins to make copies of the HIV proteins

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is the sixth step in HIV-1 lifecycle

Answer 22

HIV protease helps create new virus components by cutting long protien chains into smaller active proteins

Question 23

What is the last step in HIv-1 lifecycle

Answer 23

New HIV virus exits the CD4+ T-cell, CD4+ T cell lysis

Question 24

What speciment types are most commonly used with FDA approved tests

Answer 24

Whole blood, plasma serum, oral fluid

Question 25

When does the HIV antibody become present

Answer 25

30 to 50 days

Question 26

When can the p24 antigen be tested for

Answer 26

10 to 14 days

Question 27

With the newest generation of tests how soon can someone know they are affected

Answer 27

10 days

Question 28

T/F: The higher CD4 count at ART initiation predicts greater long-term likelihood of CD4 count normalization

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: HIV is considered a chronic disease state

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is antiretoviral therapy (ART), what is it made up of

Answer 30

combination of Antiretroviral (ARV) medications that results in effective treatment of HIV, at least 3 ARV from 2 different classes

Question 31

What is the typical recommended antiretroviral therapy

Answer 31

2 NRTIs combined with a 3rd agent (usually intergrase inhibitor)

Question 32

What are the four goals of therapy for HIV

Answer 32

Maximally and durably suppress plasma HIV RNA, Restore and preserve immunologic function, Reduce HIV-associated morbidity and prolong the duration and quality of survival, Prevent HIV transmission

Question 33

What are things that may occur due to low adherance

Answer 33

decrease virologic control, increase morbidity and mortality, increase drug resistant and limiting the effectiveness of therapy