Principles of heredity

Question 1

phenotype

Answer 1

the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic

Question 2

genotype

Answer 2

set of alleles possessed by an individual organism

Question 3

genes

Answer 3

an inherited factor encoded in the DNA that helps determine a characteristic

Question 4

alleles

Answer 4

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 5

loci

Answer 5

specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele

Question 6

heterozygote

Answer 6

an individual possessing two different alleles at a locus

Question 7

homozygote

Answer 7

an individual possessing two of the same alleles at a locus

Question 8

what organism did Mendel study and why was it key to his success?

Answer 8

pea plants. they grow fast, produce many offspring (large sample size), cross can be controlled because of self-fertilizing system that can be manipulated for cross fertilization, traits with two easily distinguishable forms

Question 9

three principles of inheritance

Answer 9

1) Law of Segregation
2) Law of Independent Assortment
3) Dominance

Question 10

typical ratios of dihybrid and monohybrid crosses

Answer 10

Aa x Aa: 1:2:1 (3:1 phenotypes)
Aa x aa: 1:1
everything else is uniform progeny

dihybrid = 9:3:3:1

Question 11

binomial distribution

n!/s!t! p^s q^t

Answer 11

n!/s!t! p^s q^t
n = total number of events
s = number of events in one category
t = number of events in the other category
p = individual probability of one category
q = individual probability of the other category

Question 12

When did Mendel publish his work and when was it formally recognized?

Answer 12

published 1866 but not really recognized until the 1900s