Cell division and chromosomes

Question 1

Binary fission

Answer 1

bacterial simple division. separation of replicated circular chromosome, it is very fast.

Question 2

What is ploidy? 2n, 3n, 4n?

Answer 2

the number of copies of each type of chromosome. 2n = diploid, 3n= triploid, 4n = tetraploid, etc

Question 3

Chromosomes have special regions, telomeres and centromeres. Why is the centromere important? Is it always at the center?

Answer 3

the centromere is the attachment point for spindle microtubules. it is not always in the middle of the chromosome

Question 4

centromere vs centrosome vs centriole vs kinetochore

Answer 4

the centromere is the area of the chromosome containing the kinetochore where the spindle fibers attach. the centrosome is at the poles of the cell and contains the centriole where spindle microtubules are contained/developed

Question 5

Cohesion

Answer 5

a protein that holds the chromatids together. established in S phase and persist through early mitosis. Anaphase cohesion is broken by seperase. in meiosis shugoshin protects cohesion at centromere until anaphase II

Question 6

mitosis

Answer 6

prophase, metaphase, anaphase. two daughter cells each 2n diploid

Question 7

meiosis

Answer 7

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, interkinesis, metaphase II, anaphase II. four daughter cells each n haploid. meiosis I is where the variation happens

Question 8

compare mitosis and meiosis

Answer 8

idk just look at slides?

Question 9

differences between sperm and egg production

Answer 9

sperm follows normal meiosis, ends with four haploid spermatids. oogenesis creates two polar bodies and one haploid ovum. eggs are much more expensive and valuable