Principles of General Anesthesia

Question 1

What is General anesthesia?

Answer 1

A balanced state of unconsciousness, accompanied by the absence of pain sensation and the paralysis of skeletal muscles. Used for MAJOR SURGERY and other invasive surgical procedures.

Question 2

What are characteristics of The anesthetic state?

Answer 2

Analgesia
Amnesia
Hypnosis (unconsciousness)
Immobility/decreased muscle tone (skeletal muscle relaxation)
Reduction of Autonomic Reflexes (gag reflex, tachycardia, vasoconstriction)

Question 3

What is the clinical phases of General anesthesia?

Answer 3

Induction- initial entry to surgical anesthesia

Maintenance – continuous monitoring and medication
(Maintain depth of anesthesia, ventilation, fluid balance, hemodynamic control, hemostasis)

Recovery – resumption of normal CNS function
- (Extubation, resumption of normal respiration)

Question 4

What are the Classes of GAs?

Answer 4

Inhalation

Intravenous

Question 5

What are the subclasses of inhaled GAs?

Answer 5

non-halogenated

Halogenated

Question 6

What are the non-halogenated inhaled GAs?

Answer 6

Nitrous oxide (gas)

Question 7

What are the halogenated inhaled GAs?

Answer 7

Isoflurane,
Desflurane,
Sevoflurane*,
Halothane

Question 8

What are the intravenous GAs?

Answer 8

Barbiturates
Ketamine
Etomidate
Propofol
FosPropofol

Question 9

Which GAs are used as the primary induction GAs?

Answer 9

intravenous GAs

Question 10

Which GAs are the primary maintenance GAs?

Answer 10

inhaled GAs