Principles Of Flight

Question 1

While an airplane is in the air, there are 4 forces acting upon it. Which are:

Answer 1

Lift, weight, thrust, and drag

Question 2

What is lift?

Answer 2

Lift is the upward force created by the wi gs as the air flows around it

Question 3

What is weight?

Answer 3

Weight is the downward force toward the center of the earth. Opposite of lift, which exists due to gravity.

Question 4

What is thrust?

Answer 4

Thrust is the forward force, which is generally created by the aircraft propellers or turbine engines, which pulls or pushes the aircraft through the air.

Question 5

What is drag?

Answer 5

Drag is the force acting in the direction opposite of thrust, which fundamentally limits the performance of the airplane

Question 6

When an airplane is maintaining heading, altitude, and airspeed, it is said to be in what?

Answer 6

Straight-and-level unaccelerated flight

Question 7

In unaccelerated flight _______

Answer 7

Lift equals weight, and thrust equals drag

Question 8

In unaccelerated flight _______

Answer 8

Lift equals weight, and thrust equals drag

Question 9

Airfoils

Answer 9

An airfoil is generally any surface that creates an aerodynamic force as a fluid.

Question 10

Fluids are _______

Answer 10

Any substance that deforms under an applied stress

Question 11

Liquids, gases, and plasma are all considered _______

Answer 11

Fluids

Question 12

In addition to the wings, all the flight control surfaces, as well as the propeller, are considered _______

Answer 12

Airfoils

Question 13

The aircraft’s fuselage is even an _______

Answer 13

airfoil, but it is not very good at producing lift.

Question 14

The forward most point of the wing is called the _______. The aft most point is called the

Answer 14

Leading edge

Trailing edge

Question 15

If we connect the leading edge and trailing edge with an imaginary line, this line would be called the _______

Answer 15

Chord line

Question 16

As an airplane is moving through the air, the path that the airplane travels along is known as its _______

Answer 16

flight path

Question 17

The airflow that flows around the airplane as it travels through the air is known as the _______

Answer 17

relative wind. The relative wind is parallel to but opposite of the aircraft’s flight path

Question 18

The angle between the aircraft’s chord line and the relative wind is known as the _______

Answer 18

Angle of attack. The angle of attack is a major factor as to how much lift the wings generate

Question 19

Newton’s 3 laws of motion:

Answer 19

1. A body at rest remains at rest or in motion until acted upon by an outside force
2. Force is equal to mass times acceleration
3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 20

As the velocity of a fluid (in this case air) increases, _______

Answer 20

its internal pressure decreases

Question 21

Imbalance in pressure is called a _______

Answer 21

Pressure gradient

Question 22

Planform refers to _______

Answer 22

the shape of the wing when viewed from above

Question 23

Camber is the _______

Answer 23

curvature of the wing

Question 24

Camber is usually designed into an airfoil to increase _______

Answer 24

the maximum coefficient of lift. And thereby minimize the stall speed of the aircraft

Question 25

The wings aspect ratio is the relationship between _______

Answer 25

the length and width of the wing. Generally, the higher the aspect ratio, the more efficient the generation of lift is.

Question 26

The wing area is _______

Answer 26

the total surface area of the wings

Question 27

High lift devices such as flaps are designed to _______

Answer 27

Increase lift and drag. Flaps allow the airplane to land at a fair steep descent angle without gaining any airspeed, and allows the airplane to touchdown at a much slower airspeed.

Question 28

Flaps can be lowered in _______

Answer 28

steps, or more precisely in set degree amounts

Question 29

Initially, the input of flaps will increase _______

Answer 29

lift with only a small drag increase. As flaps are extended further, usua,ly about the halfway point, lift increases slightly, and drag rapidly.

Question 30

Weight is _______

Answer 30

the force of gravity pulling the aircraft back down to the earth

Question 31

Throughout the flight, weight will slowly decrease _______

Answer 31

due to fuel powering the engine.

Question 32

Thrust is the _______

Answer 32

forward acting force propelling the airplane through the air

Question 33

In most general aviation airplanes, thrust is created by the _______

Answer 33

propellers, or in larger jets, the turbine engines

Question 34

Similar to lift, thrust is generated from the same _______

Answer 34

principles as lift but in horizontal direction

Question 35

Drag is _______

Answer 35

the force opposing thrust which limits the speed of an aircraft

Question 36

There are two types of drag:

Answer 36

Parasite drag and induced drag

Question 37

Parasite drag is _______

Answer 37

the direct result of air resistance as the airplane through the air

Question 38

There are 3 types of parasite drag:

Answer 38

1. Form drag
2. Interference drag
3. Skin friction drag

Question 39

Form drag results from _______

Answer 39

the turbulence created as the air tries to flow around the aircraft

Question 40

Interference drag occurs in ______

Answer 40

locations over the aircraft where different surfaces meet

Question 41

Putting an object closer together will create up to _______. To minimize this, _______

Answer 41

1. 200 percent more drag
2. manufacturers will place smaller angular pieces at these locations

Question 42

Skin friction drag is caused by _______. A good example of this are _______. Keeping the surfaces clean and waxed while also utilizing flush mount rivets will _______

Answer 42

1. the rough imperfections of an airplane surface
2. the rivets located on the airplane skin
3. minimize the production of skin friction

Question 43

As the airplanes speed increases, the amount of parasite drag will __________

Answer 43

also increase

Question 44

While the wing is creating lift, behind the wing there is a _______. At the same time ______. As these vortices wrap around the wing _______. This in effect _______

Answer 44

1. downwash of air
2. The airflow around the wingtips are creating vortices that spiral from below the wing to above the wing
3. they actually change the downwash angle of the air flowing over the wing
4. tilts the direction of lift created backwards

Question 45

L/D max is _______

Answer 45

our best glide speed. 68 knots for Cessna to maneuver aloft the longest in case of an emergency

Question 46

In the backside of the power curb, the pilot will have to _______. In fact, if they want to accelerate out of this airspeed, they will have to _______

Answer 46

1. add more and more thrust to counter the high amounts of drag being created.
2. add an excessive amount of power or even full power

Question 47

A thing to keep in mind in slow airspeeds is that ______

Answer 47

there is much less airflow traveling over the flight control surfaces. So it would not have the fast response one would be used to, and it may require large inputs before any real response is felt.