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Derivatives > Principles of Exchange-Traded Derivatives > Flashcards

Principles of Exchange-Traded Derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

In a screen-based market, the exchange has a responsibility to provide prices to which of the following people?

A

The public

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2
Q

if interest rate rose, what is likely affect on equity option premiums

A

call prices rise and put prices fall

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3
Q

if an investor wanted to arbitrage a future’s price, take into account

A

The time to delivery of the future
Interest rates (financing costs)
The future’s price
The price of the underlying asset today (the cash price)

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4
Q

Which of the following would you normally expect to be negative?

A

Put option deltas

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5
Q

In June, a farmer is concerned about falling wheat prices and takes out a hedge by selling a December wheat contract. His wheat is ready for sale in November and he lifts the hedge by selling the wheat in the cash market and closing-out his futures contract.
From which of the following is the farmer at risk?

A

A change in basis from June to November

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes a contango market?

A

Near month priced below far month

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7
Q

when is gearing highest for an option?

A

when it is out of the money

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8
Q

fair value of a future

A

the cost of buying the asset in the cash markets and holding it to the delivery date of the date

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9
Q

If interest rates increase, what is the effect on the cost-of-carry element of the fair value of a future?

A

the cost of carry increases

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10
Q

Basis

A

Basis is calculated by deducting the future’s price from the cash price

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11
Q

An order to buy 25 long gilt contracts at £103.00, or lower, if the market was currently at £103.10 would be called:

A

a limit order

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12
Q

out of the money option

A

a put option with a strike price below the current price of the underlying security

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13
Q

You have calculated the fair value of a future contract to be 803. The contract is currently trading at 800. What should a risk-averse investor do to make money?

A

sell the cash and buy the future

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14
Q

According put-call parity, what would be the best course of action if the put was over valued in comparison to the call?

A

buy the call, sell the put and sell the cash

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15
Q

Delta

A

the change in the value of the premium / change in the value of the underlying.

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16
Q

The significance of the arbitrage channel is:

A

That transaction costs outweigh the profit from an arbitrage transaction within this range

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17
Q

A speculator is short four futures on an asset. In addition, he is long three deeply in-the-money put options on the same underlying. What is his net position?

A

Short seven

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18
Q

When calculating the fair value of a Standard and Poor index future, you find the value to be 903. In comparison the future is trading at 900. Which one of the following trades would you perform to take advantage of the price difference?

A

Reverse cash and carry

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19
Q

If an investor thinks the market price of an asset is going to rise, the most appropriate action would be:

A

To buy an out-of-the-money call

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20
Q

Which of the following should be included when calculating the cost of carry on a future for a share?

A

Dividend entitlement

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21
Q

The value of a futures contract is driven by:

A

the cash price of the underlying

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22
Q

Delta

A

in the money calls have higher deltas that at the money calls

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23
Q

Stop limit order

A

an order which will close out a clients position within a specified price range

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24
Q

If a trade is entered into the automated trading system without a specified expiry, for how long will the order be valid?

A

until the end of the trading day

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25
Q

The delta of a deeply in the money short call is

A

close to -1

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26
Q

If an investor is long a deeply in the money call option, the delta and gamma are respectively closest to

A

+1 and 0

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27
Q

What would not be taken into consideration when deciding the order of the execution on the exchange?

A

the security

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28
Q

Per put-call parity, which of the following combinations creates a synthetic short call?

A

Short asset and short put

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29
Q

Where basis moves towards zero as the contract approaches delivery

A

Have intrinsic value

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30
Q

Which of the following best describes convergence in a futures contract?

A

Where basis moves towards zero as the contract approaches delivery

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31
Q

Fair value

A

Fair value = cash/spot price + net cost-of-carry

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32
Q

A trader sells a futures contract. In order to complete a basis trade, which of the following actions is required?

A

buy the underlying

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33
Q

On an open outcry market, who has the responsibility of price reporting?

A

An exchange official

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34
Q

Which of the following would be out-of-the money options?

A

A call option where the price of the underlying is below the exercise price

A put option where the price of the underlying is above the exercise price

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35
Q

If a future is trading below fair value, which of the following trades will an arbitrageur enter into in order to make a profit?

A

Buy futures and sell the underlying

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36
Q

Delta

A

Delta = change in the option’s premium / change in the underlying price

37
Q

Which of the following is not an option ‘Greek’?

A

Beta

38
Q

The rate of change of Delta for a given change in the price of the underlying is called:

A

gamma

39
Q

gamma

A

is negative for short options

40
Q

In what state would the market be if there was adequate supply and storage?

A

contango

41
Q

Time value

A

is nil at expiration

42
Q

An option premium is made up of the intrinsic value (profit if exercised now)

A

and the time value.

43
Q

If a future was trading BELOW its fair value, what would you expect a futures trader to do?

A

reverse cash and carry arbitrage

44
Q

When considering the relationship between the price of an underlying asset and the price of the future on that asset, which of the following best describes how basis changes?

A

Non-linear

45
Q

Intrinsic value for a put

A

Intrinsic value for a put = exercise price - underlying share price:

46
Q

Which of the following investors would benefit most from the passing of time?

A

Option writers

47
Q

An investor is long two futures and short two ATM calls with deltas of 0.5. What is the investor’s cumulative position?

A

Long one

48
Q

What should be included in the calculation of an index future’s fair value?

A

Interest payments

49
Q

Which of the following best describes a contango market?

A

Near month priced below far month

50
Q

An option has a premium of 9, intrinsic value of 7 and the underlying is at 20. Which of the following is true?

A

It is in the money

51
Q

Which of the following would impact upon the price of an option?

A

Time to expiry
Market sentiment
Market depth
Volatility of the underlying securit

52
Q

An equity index future with a distant delivery date will have a higher fair value than that of a near-dated one if:

A

The dividend yield is lower than present interest rates

53
Q

The rate of change of delta (assuming long positions) for a given change in the underlying is:

A

Positive for calls, positive for puts

54
Q

An option position containing an at-the-money long-put and an at-the-money long-call on the same underlying instrument would have a Delta that is most likely:

A

Roughly zero

55
Q

What happens to the premium on an at-the-money put option if the price of the underlying rises?

A

Decrease

56
Q

Which is true of a contango market?

A

Nearby prices are at a discount to forward prices

57
Q

An option’s Delta is best described as the ratio between:

A

The change in the option premium and the change in the price of the underlying instrument

58
Q

An investor who sells the expensive contract and takes an offsetting position in the cash market is undertaking which of the following trades?

A

Cash/Futures arbitrage

59
Q

Which of the following best describes a back market?

A

A market where the cash price is greater than the far price

60
Q

When trading on an order driven sytem, MIT stands for which of the following?

A

Market-if-touched

61
Q

In a backwardation market, which of the following occurs?

A

Nearby prices are higher than forward prices

62
Q

If interest rates exceed dividend receipts, one would expect FTSE 100 futures prices to be:

A

Higher than the current FTSE 100 index

63
Q

If the future’s price is trading above its fair value, which of the following trades is most likely to take advantage of this discrepancy?

A

Cash and carry

64
Q

The option with the lowest gamma would be:

A

Deeply in-the-money put

65
Q

A speculator seeks to go long at a level in the market below the prevailing level. Which of the following orders should she give her broker?

A

A buy MIT

66
Q

Which of the following best describes cash and carry?

A

Buy cash and sell forward

67
Q

According to put-call parity theory, if you are long a call and short a put with the same strike this is equivalent to a:

A

Long-futures position

68
Q

A put option, where the exercise price is lower than the underlying’s current value, is said to be:

A

Out-of-the-money

69
Q

If everything else remained constant, increases in which of the following is likely to increase option premiums?

A

Volatility

Remaining life

70
Q

If an investor expects the basis to strengthen, he thinks that:

A

Basis will become more positive: buy the cash and sell the future

71
Q

If an option has intrinsic value (calls and puts)

A

then it must be in-the-money.

72
Q

A market where near-dated prices are lower than far-dated prices is called:

A

Contango

73
Q

Which of the following reasons BEST explains why a manager would monitor the delta of his portfolio?

A

To maintain a delta neutral position

74
Q

Time value is greatest for which of the following options if the underlying asset is priced at 115 in April 2020?

A

November 2020 160 call

75
Q

Which of the following options would have the highest delta?

A

A far-dated deeply in the money put

76
Q

In which of the following would Gamma be greatest?

A

An ATM option with three months to expiry

77
Q

A future is priced at 110, the 100 strike call option on the future is trading at 12, and the 100 strike put option on the future is trading at 9. What would be the best trade to execute to take advantage of this mispricing?

A

Reversal

78
Q

A wheat farmer fears falling prices will affect the return from his harvest, so he enters into a short futures contract on exchange to reduce his risk. At harvest, the farmer sells his wheat and closes out his futures position. What risk is he exposed to?

A

Basis risk

79
Q

Which of the following is the change of the premium of an option with respect to changes in the underlying?

A

Delta

80
Q

Which of the following would not influence the cost-of-carry?

A

Market sentiment

81
Q

If interest rates increase, what is the effect on the cost of carry element of the fair value of a future?

A

The cost of carry increases

82
Q

All of the following are the main components of cost-of-carry, except:

A

Supply and demand

83
Q

An investor has a long position in an asset and is concerned about the market falling. He would like to enter an order to close out his position if the market reaches a certain point, but he is willing to sell above a specified price, but not below. Which order is best for the investor?

A

Stop limit order

84
Q

If the fair value of a future is at a discount to the future’s price, which of the following would generate profit?

A

Cash and carry

85
Q

Time value

A

Time value = premium - intrinsic value.

86
Q

How would a hedger attempt to eliminate basis risk?

A

Hold the derivative investment to expiry

87
Q

Exchange price feeds provide:

A

Streaming prices

88
Q

What might you use to determine implied volatility?

A

Pricing models

Derivatives (15 decks)

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