Principles of Drug Individualization Flashcards
What are the factors impacting drug response?
Genetic variations, diet, lifestyle, socioeconomics, age, sex
What is the definition of gene?
A segment of DNA that contains information for encoding a protein
What does SNP stand for?
Single nucleotide polymorphism
What is an allele?
A different DNA sequence at a locus
What is a genotype?
A pair of alleles at a particular locus
What is a phenotype?
the observable property of an organism; a trait such as height, weight, medical condition, etc
What is a haplotype?
A set of DNA variations, or polymorphisms that tend to be inherited together
What is pharmacogenomics?
The study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs
What are the goals of pharmacogenomics?
getting the right dose of the right drug to the right patient at the right time (enhance drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity)
What is the role of pharmacogenomics in drug response?
Pharmacogenomics can impact toxicity and benefits of a drug regardless of having the same prescription for the same disease
How do genetic variations impact the pharmokinetics of drugs?
It can impact the distribution of drug in tissues, the amount of drug metabolized, and the amount of drug eliminated.
How do genetic variations impact the pharmacodynamics of drugs?
It can impact the receptor which impacts the toxicity and efficacy
Explain the example of tamoxifen patient case
Tamoxifen is used for breast cancer. CYP2D6 causes hydroxylation and has many polymorphisms. There are many IM and PM metabolizers due to polymorphism so it won’t be effective on the cancer and there is high recurrence and mortality. You need to do genetic testing before you give to see if you need an alternative
Genetic variant of irinotecan and effect?
UGT1A1*28, neutropenia
Genetic variaton of codeine and effect?
CYP2D6, PM: no analgesic effect, UM: respiratory depression
