Principles of Compensation Flashcards

1
Q

Ways of Conducting Compensation and Regulation

A
  • tort + no-fault = reparation systems -> seeks to both compensate victims AND regulate the risks
  • vs. background institutions do one or the other
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2
Q

Reparation Systems

A
  • aim of compensation and regulation merge
  • tort + no-fault plans
  • seek to offset harm caused by accident by providing full or partial compensation to victim + impose duty of making reparation on actor responsible for the harm
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3
Q

Background Institutions

A
  • legal mechanisms that EITHER compensate victim or regulate risky activity - don’t do both
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4
Q

Background Mechanisms of Compensation

A
  • through private loss insurance + gov benefit programs
  • lack regulatory impact b/c don’t try to fasten particular accident costs on the specific risky activity that gave rise to them
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5
Q

Loss Insurance - Basic Concept

A
  • operates on principle of contract

- benefits up to policy limits for victims who have paid/arranged for protection in advance

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6
Q

Government Compensation Programs

A
  • social insurance or welfare
  • transfer funds in restricted amounts to all eligible individuals suffering certain defined needs or economic misfortunes (whether physical accident or otherwise)
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7
Q

Regulation

A
  • undertaken by government in host of substantive + procedural methods, including: licenses, recalls, shut-down orders, statutory norms backed by injunctions + criminal processes
  • regulatory form of greatest importance = fashioning of safety, health + environmental standards by administrative agencies
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8
Q

Elements of Tort Adjudication

A
  • liability rules
  • adjudicatory processes
  • tort damages
  • financing left to defs
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9
Q

Forms of Tort Liability

A

1- fault liability (negligence plus liability insurance)

2- activity liability (liability based on type of activity itself, regardless of fault)
—> four types: vicarious liability (hybrid), nuisance, dangerous activities, + products liability

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10
Q

Non-Tort Reparation Plans - Elements

A
  • attribution rules
  • administrative process
  • compensation limits
  • financing specified
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11
Q

Non-Tort Reparation Plans - Examples

A

3 - actor-financed activity plans (ex: workers’ comp) -> actors contribute to fund for accidents characteristic of the activity, + victims recover on non-fault basis

4- victim-financed activity plans (ex: auto no-fault) -> potential victims of an activity contribute to fund for characteristic accidents

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12
Q

Background Institutions - Examples

A
  • private loss insurance
  • government benefit programs
  • government regulation
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13
Q

Principles of Compensation - Keeton

A

3 Core Ones:

  • fault principle
  • strict accountability principle (activity)
  • welfare principle (need)

Prof also added choice (largely tied to contract)

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14
Q

Keeton - Core Idea

A
  • notion that the aforementioned principles are each used as rationales for legal programs, + they often co-exist and compete w/ each other in legal systems across the world
  • mixed system, but they all compete for dominance
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15
Q

Sequel to Workmen’s Compensation Acts - Smith

A
  • written in 1914
  • discusses impending passage of Workmen’s Compensation Act
  • argues that if workers are entitled to compensation from employers w/o fault under the Act, public will ultimately demand extension of comparable ability to recover beyond workers w/o fault, + both statutes + common law will change (Prof described as prescient, but a bit overly apocalyptic, given that in the end our legal system just became a mixed system)
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16
Q

AIDS and the Moral Economy of Insurance - Deborah Stone

A
  • 1990
  • identifies two competing conceptions of loss insurance (personal vs. social), particularly health insurance, each w/ own definition of equity
17
Q

Stone’s Perception of Loss Insurance - View #1 (Personal)

A

1 - insurance = means of personal protection for individuals

  • -> each insured pays premium calculated to cover insured’s own likelihood of loss
  • -> fairness under this view means no one pays for anyone else
  • -> to make one pay more than expected cost of one’s own risk, in order to cover the greater costs of other persons at greater peril, would be a “forced subsidy”
18
Q

Stone’s Perception of Loss Insurance - View #2 (Social)

A

Loss insurance = scheme of mutual aid w/in a community

  • insurance pool covers all persons at risk of a type of misfortune, such as expense of major illness
  • everyone contributes an amount sufficient to cover all cases of misfortune that arise w/in the pool
  • different notion of fairness - purpose of insurance against devastating losses = distribute according to need