Principles of Chemotherapy I Flashcards
What are the basic considerations when choosing the right drug in chemotherapy?
Cost, Adverse effects, Infectious organism, Spectrum, Drug resistance, Patient considerations.
List some infectious organisms covered by the spectrum of coverage.
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Staph. aureus
- E. coli
- H. pylori
- Clostridia
- T. pallidum
What are some adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- Overextension of pharmacologic actions
- Organ directed toxicity
- Hypersensitivity reactions.
What drugs are associated with hepatotoxicity?
- Tetracyclines
- Isoniazid
- Erythromycin estolate
- Clindamycin
- Methotexate
- Sulfonamides
- Amphotericin B.
What drugs are associated with renal toxicity?
- Cephalosporins
- Vancomycin
- Aminoglycosides
- Sulfonamides
- Amphotericin B.
True or False: Bacteriostatic drugs kill bacteria directly.
False.
What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic drugs?
Bactericidal kills bacteria directly; bacteriostatic prevents bacterial growth.
What are the characteristics of bactericidal agents?
- Concentration dependent killing
- Time dependent killing.
What is the importance of maintaining adequate blood levels of antibiotics?
To prevent the development of resistance.
What is the Postantibiotic effect (PAE)?
Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after limited exposure to an antimicrobial agent.
What are the benefits of combination therapy?
- Drug synergy
- Improved therapeutic effect
- Reduced resistance
- Broader spectrum of coverage.
What is an example of synergism in combination therapy?
Penicillin + aminoglycoside for enterococcal endocarditis.
Fill in the blank: The mechanism of action of an antibiotic is directly related to whether it is _______ or _______.
[bacteriostatic], [bactericidal]
What role does the host immune response play in chemotherapy?
Clearance by functional immune system.
What is the significance of drug concentration levels in bactericidal agents?
Killing is dependent upon drug concentration.
What factors can lead to immune-induced blood dyscrasias as an adverse effect?
- Anaphylactic shock
- Skin rashes
- Immune hemolytic anemias.
What are some examples of drugs that can cause ototoxicity?
- Aminoglycosides
- Vancomycin
- Minocycline.
