ICWS III Flashcards
What are the four categories of antibiotics mentioned in the outline?
- Natural
- Penicillinase Resistant
- Broad spectrum
- Antipseudomonal
These categories help classify antibiotics based on their spectrum of activity.
What is Vancomycin’s mechanism of action (MOA)?
Prevents transpeptidation by binding terminal D-ala-D-ala
This action inhibits the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers in bacterial cell walls.
What is the primary use of Vancomycin?
Effective only against G+ bacteria; DOC against MRSA infections
Vancomycin is crucial for treating serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
What are the adverse effects of Vancomycin?
- Ototoxic
- Nephrotoxic
- ‘Red man’ syndrome
- Thrombophlebitis on IV injection
These side effects highlight the importance of monitoring during treatment.
What type of infections is Telavancin approved to treat?
Complicated skin and skin structure infections; last line agent for nosocomial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of Vancomycin.
Fosfomycin’s mechanism of action is to inhibit cell wall synthesis at what step?
One of the first steps in the synthesis of peptidoglycan
Fosfomycin is structurally unrelated to other drugs and is effective against both G+ and G- bacteria.
What is the clinical use of Bacitracin?
Topically to prevent superficial skin and eye infections following minor injuries
Bacitracin is mainly used against G+ bacteria.
What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin?
Binds bacterial membranes causing rapid depolarization of membrane potential
This leads to the inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell death.
What type of bacteria is Daptomycin effective against?
Aerobic and anaerobic G+ bacteria, including MRSA and MSSA
Daptomycin is particularly useful in treating serious G+ infections.
What is Polymyxin B’s mechanism of action?
Binds to G- bacterial cell membrane phospholipids to increase permeability
This results in the loss of essential metabolites, effectively killing the bacteria.
True or False: Fosfomycin is effective against G- bacteria.
True
Fosfomycin is active against both G+ and G- bacteria, making it versatile.
Fill in the blank: Vancomycin can no longer bind due to mutation of the terminal D-ala site, leading to _______.
Resistance
This highlights the importance of monitoring for resistance in bacterial infections.
What are the common adverse effects reported with Daptomycin?
- Candidiasis
- General discomfort
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Flushing
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Injection site reactions
- Rigors
- Weakness
These effects are important for patient management during treatment.
What is the primary administration route for Telavancin?
I.V.
Telavancin is administered intravenously due to its pharmacokinetic properties.
What is the role of Bacitracin in combination therapies?
Commonly used in combination with neomycin and polymyxins for G- coverage
This combination enhances efficacy against a broader spectrum of infections.
