Principles of Cancer Treatment

Question 1

reveals where there are metabolic changes in the body (blood flow, o2 flow, etc)

Answer 1

PET scan

Question 2

this diagnostic procedure is the most useful for staging

Answer 2

CT scan

Question 3

therapy given after primary tx

Answer 3

adjuvant therapy

Question 4

therapy given before primary tx

Answer 4

neo-adjuvant

Question 5

3 goals of cancer tx

Answer 5

cure
control
palliation

Question 6

T or F: the margins don’t have to be clear for the CA to be considered cured

Answer 6

false, the margins must be clear

Question 7

this type of skin CA rarely metastasizes, is curable, and is 90 percent related to sun exposure

Answer 7

basal cell

Question 8

this type of skin CA is characterized by “red, white, and blue” lesions and can penetrate and spread

Answer 8

melanoma

Question 9

T or F: having good vitamin D levels increases the chances of tx of melanoma being successful

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

breast cancer tx in which radioactive seeds are implanted in the breast

Answer 10

mammosite

Question 11

duration of mammosite tx

Answer 11

2x for 5 days

Question 12

T or F: radiation therapy requires no prior planning

Answer 12

flase, it takes 1-2 hours to plan and prepare

Question 13

when is the chance of fatigue the highest for radiation pts

Answer 13

week 3: increased energy demand to repair cells

Question 14

skin reactions
hair loss
altered taste
diarrhea
rectal irritation
fatigue
fibrosis and scarring
SE of what?

Answer 14

radiation therapy

Question 15

bracytherapy

Answer 15

internal forms of radiation

Question 16

what is I 131 given for

Answer 16

radiation therapy for thyroid ca

Question 17

T or F: it is safe to be around others following seed implantation and I 131 ingestion

Answer 17

false, person is radioactive

Question 18

example of unsealed source of brachytherapy

Answer 18

I 131

Question 19

example of sealed source of brachytherapy

Answer 19

mammosite and prostate seeds

Question 20

not confined to one body area
eliminated as waste
can be harmful to others
sealed or unsealed??

Answer 20

unsealed ( I 131)

Question 21

temporary or permanent implant near tumor
solid implant that patient emits radiation while in place
waste products not radioactive
sealed or unsealed??

Answer 21

sealed (mammosite/prostate seeds)

Question 22

T or F: when one dies they are no longer radioactive

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

chemo is rarely used to treat this type of CA

Answer 23

prostate

Question 24

common forms of tx for prostate CA

Answer 24

radiation
surgery
hormone therapy

Question 25

major SE of I 131

Answer 25

slowness because of hypothyroid

Question 26

most important way to protect yourself when caring for a radioactive pt

Answer 26

time and distance

Question 27

type of biopsy in which no anesthetic is needed and a small amt of a tumor is aspirated using a needle

Answer 27

fine needle aspiration

Question 28

palpable mass suspicious mammogram suspicious clinical exam what will be done?

Answer 28

fine needle aspiration

Question 29

type of biopsy in which an anesthetic is required and a larger tissue sample is obtained

Answer 29

core needle biopsy

Question 30

type of biopsy done when atypical CA cells are found and more tissue is needed

Answer 30

excision biopsy

Question 31

these 3 things should be evaluated in the initial assessment

Answer 31

emotional state fatigue pain

Question 32

since CA pts are at high risk for a blood clot, what should be done?

Answer 32

get them moving | low dose anticoag prophylactically

Question 33

hot nodes

Answer 33

nodes with high levels of radiation

Question 34

sentinel nodes

Answer 34

nodes closest to the site of the tumor

Question 35

disadvantage of fine needle aspiration

Answer 35

may not get the tumor cells the first time and can give a false negative

Question 36

T or F: there is a chance of tumor seeding (CA spreading) after a biopsy is performed

Answer 36

true

Question 37

type of biopsy that shows where the tumor is draining and shows what nodes should be removed

Answer 37

sentinel lymph node biopsy

Question 38

what do margins refer to in CA

Answer 38

cell boarder

Question 39

a certified oncology nurse that acts as an advocate and helps collaborate with other members of medical team, also serves as an educational resource for pt and family

Answer 39

nurse navigator

Question 40

skin teaching related to radiation therapy

Answer 40

pat dry avoid sun loose fitting clothing no deodorant

Question 41

xerostomia is a major SE of what tx

Answer 41

radiation

Question 42

most important rules related to radiation therapy

Answer 42

if it hurts don't do it | if you are tired rest

Question 43

cytotoxic agents destroy cancer cells or prevent replication by interfering with RNA or DNA

Answer 43

chemotherapy

Question 44

agents use the body's own immune system to mount an immune response

Answer 44

biotherapy

Question 45

this modality is used to dx, stage, and support other modalities

Answer 45

surgery

Question 46

exposure and dosage are the primary terms associated with this therapy

Answer 46

radiation therapy

Question 47

agents are used against hormone receptor-positive cancers

Answer 47

hormonal therapy

Question 48

allogeneic, autologous, and syngeneic are exaples of this tx modality

Answer 48

bone marrow/stem cell transplant

Question 49

tx is given prior to surgery in an effort to reduce tumor bulk and limit the surgical procedure

Answer 49

neoadjuvant tx

Question 50

tx is given after surgery in an effort to treat metastatic or microscopic disease

Answer 50

adjuvant tx