PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Flashcards
________ refers to the shared attitudes, values,
standards, codes, and behaviors of an organization’s employees and management. ________ is built upon organizational goals, structure, and methods of business
activity.
Corporate Culture
_______ is used to help determine where individuals within an organization are in
the process of change. ________ is important because it indicates how change is
conceived, implemented, and maintained. The stages of change are:
• Precontemplation-no intention to change behavior in the foreseeable future.
• Contemplation-developing awareness of the need for change.
• Preparation-planning to take action within the next 30 days.
• Action-steps taken to modify some behavior, experience or environment.
• Maintenance-consistently engaging in new behaviors.
Change Theory
The _______ can be recognized and
defined by its policies, procedures, and goals. It is the official organizational structure
conceived and built by top management.
Formal organization
The ________ is the network, unrelated to the firm’s formal authority structure, of social interactions among its employees. It is the personal and social relationships that arise spontaneously as people associate with one another in the work environment.
________ can pressure group members to conform to the expectations of the informal group that conflict with those of the formal organization.
Informal organization
The key functions of _______ are:
1) Planning
2) Organizing
3) Directing
4) Controlling
Management
________ - involves strategic (long-term), tactical (short-term), and contingency (alternative courses of action) planning for all levels of an organization.
Organizational goal-setting is usually part of planning process. [Functions of management]
Planning
________ - refers to the way an organization allocates resources, assigns tasks, and pursues the accomplishment of goals. Organizing typically includes setting up a personnel framework (organizational structure), with top-level managers, middle-level managers, and employees, etc. [Functions of management]
Organizing
________ - involves managing/leading employees toward the accomplishment of organizational goals. Tasks within directing include helping employees to
carry out assignments, interpreting organizational policies, and informing workers of how well they are performing. [Functions of management]
Directing
________- involves evaluating activities that managers perform to determine if organizational goals are being met. Prior to evaluating performance, a level of standards must be put in place in order to evaluate all actions fairly and
appropriately, and then communicated. [Functions of management]
Controlling
________ is the study of the relationship between how the body is designed to do work
and how the work is being done. Whether work involves lifting and moving or sitting and
typing, an employee’s body is designed to carry out work functions in a specific way.
Ergonomics
The ________ has been in the process of
improving ergonomic standards so that employees are educated and monitored more
effectively.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
________ has four major steps:
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
Group formation
________- This process involves discovering how much commitment exists within group members, what expectations exist, and what behaviors are acceptable. Ground rules for conduct are established (formal groups only), along with the nature of interpersonal interaction. [Group formation]
Forming
________- This categorized by questions about who has influence and how that influence is exerted. Hostilities and conflict arise as people jockey for positions of power and status. Questions of influence, hostility, and conflict must be answered in this stage. [Group formation]
Storming
________- Group members develop cohesion and understanding for their shared goals. Agreed upon behavioral and performance norms begin to develop. Close relationships progress, and balance develops between interpersonal and task concerns. [Group formation]
Norming
________ -In the final stage, the group channels its energies into ________ the tasks at hand. Interpersonal growth can take place as new ways to behave and perform are explored. Changes in environment or requirements may alter group norms and structure (changes in leadership, task specialist roles, etc.). [Group formation]
Performing
The three criteria used to judge _________ are:
• Productive output-Can the work group meet or exceed quantity and quality goals set by the organization?
• Satisfaction-Do group members feel satisfaction from the work group? As their needs met by the work, and by group members?
• Commitment-Does the work improve interpersonal relationships, or is the group close and committed to work together in the future? Does burnout occur due to working together, or are group members glad to have participated once the work project is over?
Work group effectiveness
_________-Giving employees more responsibility and decision-making power increases their control over their assigned tasks. With the empowerment method, self-preservation becomes less of an issue (destiny is in hands of employee) and improved accomplishment is the desired result.
Empowerment
Several ________ are used to assist employees in achieving organizational goals. Here are the most common methods:
1) Empowerment
2) Creativity and Innovation
3) Learning
4) Quality of Life
5) Monetary Incentive
6) Other incentives
Methods of motivation
The _______ states that a leader will use whatever style will be most effective in a given situation to motivate an employee to reach a desired result. Therefore, the leader chooses a certain “path” to help the employee reach the goal.
Path-Goal Method
