Principles of Biomedical Sciences Flashcards
What is Biomedical Sciences?
The application of Biology and Physiology to clinical medicine.
Experiment
A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.
Hypothesis
An educated guess of an experiment.
Independent Variable
The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variable
The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
Control Group
The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.
Positive Control
Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
Negative Control
Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.
Adenine
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.,
Chromosome**
The cells in your body that are either X or Y and make up what gender you are.
Cytosine
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically it is a pyrimidine base.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)**
A double-strained, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.
Gel Electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Gene**
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Guanine
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Helix
Something spiral in form.
Model
A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Nucleotide**
A building block of DNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a base.
Restriction Enzyme
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes.)
Thymine
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Autopsy
A thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to analyze and disease or injury that may be present.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
A goal of the law to make it easier for people to keep health insurance, protect the confidentiality and security of healthcare information.
Medical Examiner
A medically qualified person whose duty is to investigate deaths occurring under unusual or suspicious circumstances.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of relatively stable internal environment.
Negative Feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, response that counteracts the initial fluctuation
Positive Feedback
That tends to magnify a process
Hormone
Circulates in blood produces effect on the activity of cells.
Insulin
Hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
Glucagon
Hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels.
Glucose Tolerance Test
A test determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine to detect diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes
Develops during childhood or adolescence deficiency of insulin leading to high blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals high blood glucose impaired insulin utilization with the body’s inability to compensate.
Macromolecules
A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrate
A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide. Bread
Protein
A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids. Meat
Lipids (Fat)
One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water. Oil
