Principles of Biomedical Sciences

Question 1

What is Biomedical Sciences?

Answer 1

The application of Biology and Physiology to clinical medicine.

Question 2

Experiment

Answer 2

A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

An educated guess of an experiment.

Question 4

Independent Variable

Answer 4

The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher.

Question 5

Dependent Variable

Answer 5

The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

Question 6

Control Group

Answer 6

The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.

Question 7

Positive Control

Answer 7

Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.

Question 8

Negative Control

Answer 8

Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.

Question 9

Adenine

Answer 9

A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.,

Question 10

Chromosome**

Answer 10

The cells in your body that are either X or Y and make up what gender you are.

Question 11

Cytosine

Answer 11

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically it is a pyrimidine base.

Question 12

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)**

Answer 12

A double-strained, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.

Question 13

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 13

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

Question 14

Gene**

Answer 14

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).

Question 15

Guanine

Answer 15

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.

Question 16

Helix

Answer 16

Something spiral in form.

Question 17

Model

Answer 17

A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.

Question 18

Nucleotide**

Answer 18

A building block of DNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a base.

Question 19

Restriction Enzyme

Answer 19

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.

Question 20

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Answer 20

Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes.)

Question 21

Thymine

Answer 21

A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.

Question 22

Autopsy

Answer 22

A thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to analyze and disease or injury that may be present.

Question 23

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Answer 23

A goal of the law to make it easier for people to keep health insurance, protect the confidentiality and security of healthcare information.

Question 24

Medical Examiner

Answer 24

A medically qualified person whose duty is to investigate deaths occurring under unusual or suspicious circumstances.

Question 25

Homeostasis

Answer 25

The maintenance of relatively stable internal environment.

Question 26

Negative Feedback

Answer 26

A primary mechanism of homeostasis, response that counteracts the initial fluctuation

Question 27

Positive Feedback

Answer 27

That tends to magnify a process

Question 28

Hormone

Answer 28

Circulates in blood produces effect on the activity of cells.

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

Hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

Question 30

Glucagon

Answer 30

Hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels.

Question 31

Glucose Tolerance Test

Answer 31

A test determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine to detect diabetes.

Question 32

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 32

Develops during childhood or adolescence deficiency of insulin leading to high blood glucose levels.

Question 33

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 33

Develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals high blood glucose impaired insulin utilization with the body’s inability to compensate.

Question 34

Macromolecules

Answer 34

A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 35

Carbohydrate

Answer 35

A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide. Bread

Question 36

Protein

Answer 36

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids. Meat

Question 37

Lipids (Fat)

Answer 37

One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water. Oil