principles of art

Question 1

define contrast

Answer 1

when two elements are seen for their differences.

Question 2

what is chiaroscuro?

Answer 2

an example of extreme light and dark in one artwork.

Question 3

define repetition.

Answer 3

when one object or shape is being repeated.

Question 4

define pattern.

Answer 4

a combination of elements or shapes repeated in a recurring and regular arrangement.

Question 5

what is a motif?

Answer 5

a single designed 2D image that repeated in a regular, consistent and predictable way.

Question 6

what are the classes of pattern?

Answer 6

mosaics, lattices, spirals, meanders, waves, symmetry and fractals, among others

Question 7

brick or offset patterns:

Answer 7

the line of motifs are moved over so that the next line of motifs fit into the spaces in between the previous line of motifs.

Question 8

tossed layout:

Answer 8

motifs are randomly scattered within the format.

Question 9

packed layout:

Answer 9

motifs are closely positioned so that they are touching each other.

Question 10

ogee layout:

Answer 10

motifs that are designed to be onion shaped so that one row fits into the next.

Question 11

one way layout:

Answer 11

motifs that face the same direction.

Question 12

two way layout:

Answer 12

when the motif alternates between facing upward and facing downward

Question 13

define rhythm.

Answer 13

a combination of elements repeated but which variations.

Question 14

list the six types of rhythm.

Answer 14

flowing
alternating
progressive
repetitive
gradation of tone
gradation of line

Question 15

define emphasis.

Answer 15

when an area or object within the artwork that draws the attention and becomes a focal point.

Question 16

define subordination.

Answer 16

to minimize or toning down other compositional elements in order to bring attention to the focal point.

Question 17

define focal point.

Answer 17

an area in the composition that has the most significance.

Question 18

define unity.

Answer 18

to create a sense of harmony and wholeness, by using similar elements within the composition and placing them in a way that brings them all together.

Question 19

define variety

Answer 19

an interest by using contrasting elements within the composition.

Question 20

define directional force.

Answer 20

a path created or implied within an artwork that leads the eye through the composition.

Question 21

define balance.

Answer 21

the ways in which the elements of art of a piece are arranged.

Question 22

what is symmetrical balance.

Answer 22

a way of organising the elements of arts so that one side of an artwork duplicates or mirrors the other side.

Question 23

what is asymmetrical balance?

Answer 23

a way of organising the elements of arts so that one side differs from the other but retains a feeling of harmony.

Question 24

what is radical balance?

Answer 24

is when all elements radiate out from a centre point in a circular fashion.

Question 25

what is perspective?

Answer 25

the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colour, texture, and space

Question 26

what is one point perspective?

Answer 26

a perspective which has one vanishing point at which the conversing lines meet, therefore the size of an object will become smaller as it moves further into the distance.

Question 27

what is two point perspective?

Answer 27

also known as oblique perspective and has two vanishing points.

Question 28

what is three point perspective?

Answer 28

also known as aerial perspective and has three vanishing points and is widely used in the commercial art world.

Question 29

what is scale?

Answer 29

the size of an object in relationship to another object

Question 30

what is proportion?

Answer 30

the relative size of a whole [elements within an object].