Principles of Antibacterial Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
How to kill bacteria
A
- sterilization (kills everything)
- pasteurization (does not kill everything)
- antiseptics (on surfaces/skin)
- disinfectants (on inanimate surfaces)
- antibacterial drugs
2
Q
define antibiotics
A
compounds isolated from living organisms (bacteria/fungi) that suppress the growth of other microorganisms
3
Q
antibacterial targets
A
- need to be sufficiently different from human cell components, but specific enough to the bacterium
- needs to target a vital function
- DNA/RNA polymerase
- Ribosome
- folate metabolism
- peptidyl transpeptidase
4
Q
Sites of action of antibacterials
A
- folic acid metabolism
- cell wall synthesis
- DNA gyrase
- Protein synthesis
5
Q
Classification based on target/MOA
A
- cell wall synthesis inhibitors (B-lactams)
- Protein synthesis inhibitors (changers)
- Nucleic acid metabolism inhibitors
- Tetrahydrofolate synthesis inhibitors
6
Q
First abx in use
A
sulfa drugs
then B-lactams
7
Q
Bacteriostatic
A
inhibits growth so immune system can take care of the rest
8
Q
Bacterialcidal
A
kills –> may be necessary in immunocompromised pts
9
Q
Name two good abx targets
A
- bacterial ribosomes - sufficiently different from human ribosomes
- Bacterial transpeptidase - does not exist in humans
10
Q
Antibiotic resistance
A
- mutate or protect target molecule
- inactivate the antibiotic - chemically degrade or alter
- decrease access - change permeability of cell envelope, or add efflux pumps
- use alternate biochemical pathway not targeted by abx
11
Q
Vertical transfer of resistance
A
passing plasmid on to daughter cells
12
Q
horizontal transfer of resistance
A
passing plasmid on to another cell by:
- transduction
- transformation
- conjugation
13
Q
Transduction
A
transfer by a virus
14
Q
transformation
A
uptake of free DNA
15
Q
conjugation
A
DNA exchanged via sex pili
