Principles of Anatomy, Physiology and Fitness Level 2 L/508/5203 MOCK PAPER Flashcards
1
Q
- During exhalation, where does air flow to immediately after leaving the
bronchioles?
A Alveoli
B Capillaries
C Bronchi
D Trachea
A
- During exhalation, where does air flow to immediately after leaving the
bronchioles?
A Alveoli
B Capillaries
C Bronchi
D Trachea
2
Q
- Which movement is possible at a hinge joint?
A Elevation
B Extension
C Protraction
D Circumduction
A
- Which movement is possible at a hinge joint?
A Elevation
B Extension
C Protraction
D Circumduction
3
Q
- How many phosphate molecules are there in adenosine triphosphate, the
energy currency of the body?
A Three
B Four
C Five
D Six
A
- How many phosphate molecules are there in adenosine triphosphate, the
energy currency of the body?
A Three
B Four
C Five
D Six
4
Q
- Which of the following is a long-term effect of weight-bearing exercise on
the skeletal system?
A Risk of osteoporosis is increased
B Bone strength is reduced
C Risk of osteoporosis is reduced
D Bone length is increased
A
- Which of the following is a long-term effect of weight-bearing exercise on
the skeletal system?
A Risk of osteoporosis is increased
B Bone strength is reduced
C Risk of osteoporosis is reduced
D Bone length is increased
5
Q
- Prior to ossification, what is the foetal skeleton mostly made up of?
A Hyaline cartilage
B Elastic cartilage
C Cancellous bone
D Compact bone
A
- Prior to ossification, what is the foetal skeleton mostly made up of?
A Hyaline cartilage
B Elastic cartilage
C Cancellous bone
D Compact bone
6
Q
- The right ventricle receives blood from where?
A Vena cava
B Left ventricle
C Left atrium
D Right atrium
A
- The right ventricle receives blood from where?
A Vena cava
B Left ventricle
C Left atrium
D Right atrium
7
Q
- During a side bend, what action takes place at the spine?
A Horizontal flexion
B Lateral flexion
C Flexion
D Dorsiflexion
A
- During a side bend, what action takes place at the spine?
A Horizontal flexion
B Lateral flexion
C Flexion
D Dorsiflexion
8
Q
- What type of joint is found between the pubic bones of the pelvis?
A Cartilaginous
B Fibrous
C Pivot
D Synovial
A
- What type of joint is found between the pubic bones of the pelvis?
A Cartilaginous
B Fibrous
C Pivot
D Synovial
9
Q
- How many atria are there in the heart?
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four
A
- How many atria are there in the heart?
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four
10
Q
- Which muscle fibres produce low levels of force but are slow to fatigue?
A Slow twitch fibres
B Type 2a fibres
C Type 2 fibres
D Fast twitch fibres
A
- Which muscle fibres produce low levels of force but are slow to fatigue?
A Slow twitch fibres
B Type 2a fibres
C Type 2 fibres
D Fast twitch fibres
11
Q
- How can the all or none law be described?
A Stimulation of a sensory unit results in the contraction of all its muscle
fibres
B Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same motor neuron
C Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same sensory
neuron
D Stimulation of a motor unit results in the contraction of all its muscle fibres
A
- How can the all or none law be described?
A Stimulation of a sensory unit results in the contraction of all its muscle
fibres
B Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same motor neuron
C Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same sensory
neuron
D Stimulation of a motor unit results in the contraction of all its muscle fibres
12
Q
- Which structure connects bone to bone?
A Ligament
B Tendon
C Epimysium
D Periosteum
A
- Which structure connects bone to bone?
A Ligament
B Tendon
C Epimysium
D Periosteum
13
Q
- As a pregnancy progresses and the size of the foetus increases, what can
happen to a mother’s lower back posture?
A An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
B A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
C An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
D A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
A
- As a pregnancy progresses and the size of the foetus increases, what can
happen to a mother’s lower back posture?
A An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
B A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
C An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
D A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
14
Q
- What type of joint is formed by the atlas and axis?
A Gliding
B Pivot
C Saddle
D Hinge
A
- What type of joint is formed by the atlas and axis?
A Gliding
B Pivot
C Saddle
D Hinge
15
Q
- Gaseous exchange occurs in which structure of the lungs?
A Alveoli
B Bronchi
C Bronchioles
D Trachea
A
- Gaseous exchange occurs in which structure of the lungs?
A Alveoli
B Bronchi
C Bronchioles
D Trachea
16
Q
- What is the purpose of the heart?
A To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs
B To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
C To produce energy
D To produce red blood cells
A
- What is the purpose of the heart?
A To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs
B To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
C To produce energy
D To produce red blood cells
17
Q
- When is delayed onset of muscle soreness most likely to occur?
A During a workout
B 5-10 hours after a workout
C 12-72 hours after a workout
D 4-7 days after a workout
A
- When is delayed onset of muscle soreness most likely to occur?
A During a workout
B 5-10 hours after a workout
C 12-72 hours after a workout
D 4-7 days after a workout
18
Q
- Repeated muscular endurance exercise is most likely to have what long-
term effect?
A Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 1 fibres
B Increased muscle hypertrophy
C Increased muscle atrophy
D Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 2 fibres
A
- Repeated muscular endurance exercise is most likely to have what long-
term effect?
A Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 1 fibres
B Increased muscle hypertrophy
C Increased muscle atrophy
D Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 2 fibres
19
Q
- Which of the following decreases as a consequence of ageing?
A Systolic blood pressure
B Size of motor units
C Residual volume
D Blood vessel extensibility
A
- Which of the following decreases as a consequence of ageing?
A Systolic blood pressure
B Size of motor units
C Residual volume
D Blood vessel extensibility
20
Q
- If the gastrocnemius helps the hamstrings to flex the knee, what role is it
performing?
A Agonist
B Antagonist
C Synergist
D Fixator
A
- If the gastrocnemius helps the hamstrings to flex the knee, what role is it
performing?
A Agonist
B Antagonist
C Synergist
D Fixator
21
Q
- What is the muscle that helps the agonist to create movement classified
as?
A Synergist
B Activist
C Antagonist
D Fixator
A
- What is the muscle that helps the agonist to create movement classified
as?
A Synergist
B Activist
C Antagonist
D Fixator
22
Q
- Which of the following is an effect of ageing on the neuromuscular
system?
A Increased range of motion
B Increased number of fast twitch fibres
C Hypertrophy
D Sarcopenia
A
- Which of the following is an effect of ageing on the neuromuscular
system?
A Increased range of motion
B Increased number of fast twitch fibres
C Hypertrophy
D Sarcopenia
23
Q
- Which body system forms a protective shell for vital organs?
A Skeletal system
B Cardiovascular system
C Respiratory system
D Endocrine system
A
- Which body system forms a protective shell for vital organs?
A Skeletal system
B Cardiovascular system
C Respiratory system
D Endocrine system
24
Q
- Which of the following are short bones?
A Carpals
B Phalanges
C Humerus
D Femur
A
- Which of the following are short bones?
A Carpals
B Phalanges
C Humerus
D Femur
25
Q
- What are the waste products of the aerobic energy system?
A Water and carbon dioxide
B Lactate and oxygen
C Creatine and phosphate
D Fatty acid and protein
A
- What are the waste products of the aerobic energy system?
A Water and carbon dioxide
B Lactate and oxygen
C Creatine and phosphate
D Fatty acid and protein
26
Q
- What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
A To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
B To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
C To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
D To carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
A
- What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
A To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
B To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
C To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
D To carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
27
Q
- In the human body, there are approximately how many bones?
A 512
B 410
C 308
D 206
A
- In the human body, there are approximately how many bones?
A 512
B 410
C 308
D 206
28
Q
- Hyperlordosis affects which section of the spine?
A Sacral
B Lumbar
C Thoracic
D Cervical
A
- Hyperlordosis affects which section of the spine?
A Sacral
B Lumbar
C Thoracic
D Cervical
29
Q
- Which system of the body controls and communicates with all other body
systems?
A Muscular system
B Skeletal system
C Nervous system
D Cardiovascular system
A
- Which system of the body controls and communicates with all other body
systems?
A Muscular system
B Skeletal system
C Nervous system
D Cardiovascular system
30
Q
- Which bones form part of the axial skeleton?
A The spine, ribs and cranium
B The humerus, radius and ulna
C The femur, patella and tibia
D The tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
A
- Which bones form part of the axial skeleton?
A The spine, ribs and cranium
B The humerus, radius and ulna
C The femur, patella and tibia
D The tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
31
Q
- Which type of nerves form part of the peripheral nervous system and
transmit impulses to organs to effect an appropriate action?
A Motor
B Inter
C Central
D Sensory
A
- Which type of nerves form part of the peripheral nervous system and
transmit impulses to organs to effect an appropriate action?
A Motor
B Inter
C Central
D Sensory
32
Q
- When viewed from the side, which of the following would accurately
describe neutral head alignment?
A Cheek in line with the front of the chest
B Chin lifted towards the sky
C Nose pointing towards the chest
D Ear in line with the centre of the shoulder
A
- When viewed from the side, which of the following would accurately
describe neutral head alignment?
A Cheek in line with the front of the chest
B Chin lifted towards the sky
C Nose pointing towards the chest
D Ear in line with the centre of the shoulder
33
Q
- Which of the following is a long-term benefit of regular exercise on the
respiratory system?
A Decreased tidal volume
B Increased resting heart rate
C Decreased resting breathing rate
D Increased residual volume
A
- Which of the following is a long-term benefit of regular exercise on the
respiratory system?
A Decreased tidal volume
B Increased resting heart rate
C Decreased resting breathing rate
D Increased residual volume
34
Q
- What may happen to diastolic blood pressure as a short-term
consequence of high intensity weight training?
A Decrease
B No change
C Normalise
D Increase
A
- What may happen to diastolic blood pressure as a short-term
consequence of high intensity weight training?
A Decrease
B No change
C Normalise
D Increase
35
Q
- What type of muscle surrounds the walls of the arterioles?
A Smooth
B Striated
C Skeletal
D Somatic
A
- What type of muscle surrounds the walls of the arterioles?
A Smooth
B Striated
C Skeletal
D Somatic
36
Q
- Which of the following structures have walls formed from myocardium?
A Arteries
B Veins
C Ventricles
D Arterioles
A
- Which of the following structures have walls formed from myocardium?
A Arteries
B Veins
C Ventricles
D Arterioles
37
Q
- How do the hamstrings contract during knee flexion?
A Eccentrically
B Isometrically
C Autonomically
D Concentrically
A
- How do the hamstrings contract during knee flexion?
A Eccentrically
B Isometrically
C Autonomically
D Concentrically
38
Q
- What type of joint is formed at the hip where the femur meets with the
pelvis?
A Hinge
B Gliding
C Condyloid
D Ball and socket
A
- What type of joint is formed at the hip where the femur meets with the
pelvis?
A Hinge
B Gliding
C Condyloid
D Ball and socket
39
Q
- Which muscle contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs?
A Deltoids
B Diaphragm
C Pectoralis major
D Transversus abdominis
A
- Which muscle contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs?
A Deltoids
B Diaphragm
C Pectoralis major
D Transversus abdominis
40
Q
- What is increased immediately when a joint mobility exercise is carried
out?
A Joint stability
B Bone density
C Release of synovial fluid
D Release of lactate
A
- What is increased immediately when a joint mobility exercise is carried
out?
A Joint stability
B Bone density
C Release of synovial fluid
D Release of lactate
41
Q
- When oxygen is being carried in the bloodstream what does it attach to?
A Thrombocytes
B Haemoglobin
C Leukocytes
D Plasma
A
- When oxygen is being carried in the bloodstream what does it attach to?
A Thrombocytes
B Haemoglobin
C Leukocytes
D Plasma
42
Q
- Which of the following tissues surrounds bundles of muscle fibres called
fasciculi?
A Periosteum
B Perimysium
C Endomysium
D Epimysium
A
- Which of the following tissues surrounds bundles of muscle fibres called
fasciculi?
A Periosteum
B Perimysium
C Endomysium
D Epimysium
43
Q
- Which muscles are located at the anterior thigh and cross the knee joint?
A Quadriceps
B Hamstrings
C Deltoids
D Pectorals
A
- Which muscles are located at the anterior thigh and cross the knee joint?
A Quadriceps
B Hamstrings
C Deltoids
D Pectorals
44
Q
- Which muscle originates on the anterior scapula and inserts onto the
radius?
A Rhomboids
B Biceps brachii
C Deltoids
D Pectoralis major
A
- Which muscle originates on the anterior scapula and inserts onto the
radius?
A Rhomboids
B Biceps brachii
C Deltoids
D Pectoralis major
45
Q
- What is pulmonary circulation?
A Circulation between the heart and body
B Circulation between the heart and lungs
C Circulation through the heart muscle
D Circulation from the right lung to the left lung
A
- What is pulmonary circulation?
A Circulation between the heart and body
B Circulation between the heart and lungs
C Circulation through the heart muscle
D Circulation from the right lung to the left lung
46
Q
- Which muscle is a key fixator during limb movements because it
stabilises and compresses the abdominal cavity?
A Hip flexors
B Gluteus maximus
C Rectus abdominis
D Transversus abdominis
A
- Which muscle is a key fixator during limb movements because it
stabilises and compresses the abdominal cavity?
A Hip flexors
B Gluteus maximus
C Rectus abdominis
D Transversus abdominis
47
Q
- Where are the radius and ulna located?
A The shoulder girdle
B The axial skeleton
C The upper arm
D The appendicular skeleton
A
- Where are the radius and ulna located?
A The shoulder girdle
B The axial skeleton
C The upper arm
D The appendicular skeleton
48
Q
- Which muscles contract eccentrically during hip extension?
A Gluteals
B Hamstrings
C Latissimus dorsi
D Hip flexors
A
- Which muscles contract eccentrically during hip extension?
A Gluteals
B Hamstrings
C Latissimus dorsi
D Hip flexors
49
Q
- What happens when the sliding filament theory is initiated?
A Myosin slides over actin to create a muscle contraction
B Mitochondria relax and slide over a sarcomere to lengthen a muscle
C Actin slides over myosin to create a muscle contraction
D Sarcomeres relax and slide over mitochondria to lengthen a muscle
A
- What happens when the sliding filament theory is initiated?
A Myosin slides over actin to create a muscle contraction
B Mitochondria relax and slide over a sarcomere to lengthen a muscle
C Actin slides over myosin to create a muscle contraction
D Sarcomeres relax and slide over mitochondria to lengthen a muscle
50
Q
- What is the name given to the bulbous ends of a long bone?
A Epiphyses
B Diaphyses
C Medullary cavities
D Synovial cavities
A
- What is the name given to the bulbous ends of a long bone?
A Epiphyses
B Diaphyses
C Medullary cavities
D Synovial cavities
