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PT Practice > Principles of Anatomy, Physiology and Fitness Level 2 L/508/5203 MOCK PAPER > Flashcards

Principles of Anatomy, Physiology and Fitness Level 2 L/508/5203 MOCK PAPER Flashcards

1
Q
  1. During exhalation, where does air flow to immediately after leaving the
    bronchioles?
    A Alveoli
    B Capillaries
    C Bronchi
    D Trachea
A
  1. During exhalation, where does air flow to immediately after leaving the
    bronchioles?
    A Alveoli
    B Capillaries
    C Bronchi
    D Trachea
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2
Q
  1. Which movement is possible at a hinge joint?
    A Elevation
    B Extension
    C Protraction
    D Circumduction
A
  1. Which movement is possible at a hinge joint?
    A Elevation
    B Extension
    C Protraction
    D Circumduction
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3
Q
  1. How many phosphate molecules are there in adenosine triphosphate, the
    energy currency of the body?
    A Three
    B Four
    C Five
    D Six
A
  1. How many phosphate molecules are there in adenosine triphosphate, the
    energy currency of the body?
    A Three
    B Four
    C Five
    D Six
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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is a long-term effect of weight-bearing exercise on
    the skeletal system?
    A Risk of osteoporosis is increased
    B Bone strength is reduced
    C Risk of osteoporosis is reduced
    D Bone length is increased
A
  1. Which of the following is a long-term effect of weight-bearing exercise on
    the skeletal system?
    A Risk of osteoporosis is increased
    B Bone strength is reduced
    C Risk of osteoporosis is reduced
    D Bone length is increased
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5
Q
  1. Prior to ossification, what is the foetal skeleton mostly made up of?
    A Hyaline cartilage
    B Elastic cartilage
    C Cancellous bone
    D Compact bone
A
  1. Prior to ossification, what is the foetal skeleton mostly made up of?
    A Hyaline cartilage
    B Elastic cartilage
    C Cancellous bone
    D Compact bone
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6
Q
  1. The right ventricle receives blood from where?
    A Vena cava
    B Left ventricle
    C Left atrium
    D Right atrium
A
  1. The right ventricle receives blood from where?
    A Vena cava
    B Left ventricle
    C Left atrium
    D Right atrium
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7
Q
  1. During a side bend, what action takes place at the spine?
    A Horizontal flexion
    B Lateral flexion
    C Flexion
    D Dorsiflexion
A
  1. During a side bend, what action takes place at the spine?
    A Horizontal flexion
    B Lateral flexion
    C Flexion
    D Dorsiflexion
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8
Q
  1. What type of joint is found between the pubic bones of the pelvis?
    A Cartilaginous
    B Fibrous
    C Pivot
    D Synovial
A
  1. What type of joint is found between the pubic bones of the pelvis?
    A Cartilaginous
    B Fibrous
    C Pivot
    D Synovial
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9
Q
  1. How many atria are there in the heart?
    A One
    B Two
    C Three
    D Four
A
  1. How many atria are there in the heart?
    A One
    B Two
    C Three
    D Four
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10
Q
  1. Which muscle fibres produce low levels of force but are slow to fatigue?
    A Slow twitch fibres
    B Type 2a fibres
    C Type 2 fibres
    D Fast twitch fibres
A
  1. Which muscle fibres produce low levels of force but are slow to fatigue?
    A Slow twitch fibres
    B Type 2a fibres
    C Type 2 fibres
    D Fast twitch fibres
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11
Q
  1. How can the all or none law be described?
    A Stimulation of a sensory unit results in the contraction of all its muscle
    fibres
    B Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same motor neuron
    C Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same sensory
    neuron
    D Stimulation of a motor unit results in the contraction of all its muscle fibres
A
  1. How can the all or none law be described?
    A Stimulation of a sensory unit results in the contraction of all its muscle
    fibres
    B Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same motor neuron
    C Every fibre in a muscle is stimulated to contract by the same sensory
    neuron
    D Stimulation of a motor unit results in the contraction of all its muscle fibres
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12
Q
  1. Which structure connects bone to bone?
    A Ligament
    B Tendon
    C Epimysium
    D Periosteum
A
  1. Which structure connects bone to bone?
    A Ligament
    B Tendon
    C Epimysium
    D Periosteum
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13
Q
  1. As a pregnancy progresses and the size of the foetus increases, what can
    happen to a mother’s lower back posture?
    A An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
    B A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
    C An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
    D A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
A
  1. As a pregnancy progresses and the size of the foetus increases, what can
    happen to a mother’s lower back posture?
    A An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
    B A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
    C An anterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperlordosis
    D A posterior shift in centre of gravity that causes hyperkyphosis
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14
Q
  1. What type of joint is formed by the atlas and axis?
    A Gliding
    B Pivot
    C Saddle
    D Hinge
A
  1. What type of joint is formed by the atlas and axis?
    A Gliding
    B Pivot
    C Saddle
    D Hinge
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15
Q
  1. Gaseous exchange occurs in which structure of the lungs?
    A Alveoli
    B Bronchi
    C Bronchioles
    D Trachea
A
  1. Gaseous exchange occurs in which structure of the lungs?
    A Alveoli
    B Bronchi
    C Bronchioles
    D Trachea
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16
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the heart?
    A To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs
    B To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
    C To produce energy
    D To produce red blood cells
A
  1. What is the purpose of the heart?
    A To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs
    B To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
    C To produce energy
    D To produce red blood cells
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17
Q
  1. When is delayed onset of muscle soreness most likely to occur?
    A During a workout
    B 5-10 hours after a workout
    C 12-72 hours after a workout
    D 4-7 days after a workout
A
  1. When is delayed onset of muscle soreness most likely to occur?
    A During a workout
    B 5-10 hours after a workout
    C 12-72 hours after a workout
    D 4-7 days after a workout
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18
Q
  1. Repeated muscular endurance exercise is most likely to have what long-
    term effect?

A Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 1 fibres
B Increased muscle hypertrophy
C Increased muscle atrophy
D Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 2 fibres

A
  1. Repeated muscular endurance exercise is most likely to have what long-
    term effect?

A Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 1 fibres
B Increased muscle hypertrophy
C Increased muscle atrophy
D Adaptation of intermediate fibres to respond like type 2 fibres

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following decreases as a consequence of ageing?
    A Systolic blood pressure
    B Size of motor units
    C Residual volume
    D Blood vessel extensibility
A
  1. Which of the following decreases as a consequence of ageing?
    A Systolic blood pressure
    B Size of motor units
    C Residual volume
    D Blood vessel extensibility
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20
Q
  1. If the gastrocnemius helps the hamstrings to flex the knee, what role is it
    performing?
    A Agonist
    B Antagonist
    C Synergist
    D Fixator
A
  1. If the gastrocnemius helps the hamstrings to flex the knee, what role is it
    performing?
    A Agonist
    B Antagonist
    C Synergist
    D Fixator
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21
Q
  1. What is the muscle that helps the agonist to create movement classified
    as?
    A Synergist
    B Activist
    C Antagonist
    D Fixator
A
  1. What is the muscle that helps the agonist to create movement classified
    as?
    A Synergist
    B Activist
    C Antagonist
    D Fixator
22
Q
  1. Which of the following is an effect of ageing on the neuromuscular
    system?
    A Increased range of motion
    B Increased number of fast twitch fibres
    C Hypertrophy
    D Sarcopenia
A
  1. Which of the following is an effect of ageing on the neuromuscular
    system?
    A Increased range of motion
    B Increased number of fast twitch fibres
    C Hypertrophy
    D Sarcopenia
23
Q
  1. Which body system forms a protective shell for vital organs?
    A Skeletal system
    B Cardiovascular system
    C Respiratory system
    D Endocrine system
A
  1. Which body system forms a protective shell for vital organs?
    A Skeletal system
    B Cardiovascular system
    C Respiratory system
    D Endocrine system
24
Q
  1. Which of the following are short bones?
    A Carpals
    B Phalanges
    C Humerus
    D Femur
A
  1. Which of the following are short bones?
    A Carpals
    B Phalanges
    C Humerus
    D Femur
25
Q
  1. What are the waste products of the aerobic energy system?
    A Water and carbon dioxide
    B Lactate and oxygen
    C Creatine and phosphate
    D Fatty acid and protein
A
  1. What are the waste products of the aerobic energy system?
    A Water and carbon dioxide
    B Lactate and oxygen
    C Creatine and phosphate
    D Fatty acid and protein
26
Q
  1. What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
    A To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
    B To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
    C To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
    D To carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
A
  1. What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
    A To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
    B To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
    C To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
    D To carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
27
Q
  1. In the human body, there are approximately how many bones?
    A 512
    B 410
    C 308
    D 206
A
  1. In the human body, there are approximately how many bones?
    A 512
    B 410
    C 308
    D 206
28
Q
  1. Hyperlordosis affects which section of the spine?
    A Sacral
    B Lumbar
    C Thoracic
    D Cervical
A
  1. Hyperlordosis affects which section of the spine?
    A Sacral
    B Lumbar
    C Thoracic
    D Cervical
29
Q
  1. Which system of the body controls and communicates with all other body
    systems?
    A Muscular system
    B Skeletal system
    C Nervous system
    D Cardiovascular system
A
  1. Which system of the body controls and communicates with all other body
    systems?
    A Muscular system
    B Skeletal system
    C Nervous system
    D Cardiovascular system
30
Q
  1. Which bones form part of the axial skeleton?
    A The spine, ribs and cranium
    B The humerus, radius and ulna
    C The femur, patella and tibia
    D The tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
A
  1. Which bones form part of the axial skeleton?
    A The spine, ribs and cranium
    B The humerus, radius and ulna
    C The femur, patella and tibia
    D The tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
31
Q
  1. Which type of nerves form part of the peripheral nervous system and
    transmit impulses to organs to effect an appropriate action?
    A Motor
    B Inter
    C Central
    D Sensory
A
  1. Which type of nerves form part of the peripheral nervous system and
    transmit impulses to organs to effect an appropriate action?
    A Motor
    B Inter
    C Central
    D Sensory
32
Q
  1. When viewed from the side, which of the following would accurately
    describe neutral head alignment?
    A Cheek in line with the front of the chest
    B Chin lifted towards the sky
    C Nose pointing towards the chest
    D Ear in line with the centre of the shoulder
A
  1. When viewed from the side, which of the following would accurately
    describe neutral head alignment?
    A Cheek in line with the front of the chest
    B Chin lifted towards the sky
    C Nose pointing towards the chest
    D Ear in line with the centre of the shoulder
33
Q
  1. Which of the following is a long-term benefit of regular exercise on the
    respiratory system?
    A Decreased tidal volume
    B Increased resting heart rate
    C Decreased resting breathing rate
    D Increased residual volume
A
  1. Which of the following is a long-term benefit of regular exercise on the
    respiratory system?
    A Decreased tidal volume
    B Increased resting heart rate
    C Decreased resting breathing rate
    D Increased residual volume
34
Q
  1. What may happen to diastolic blood pressure as a short-term
    consequence of high intensity weight training?
    A Decrease
    B No change
    C Normalise
    D Increase
A
  1. What may happen to diastolic blood pressure as a short-term
    consequence of high intensity weight training?
    A Decrease
    B No change
    C Normalise
    D Increase
35
Q
  1. What type of muscle surrounds the walls of the arterioles?
    A Smooth
    B Striated
    C Skeletal
    D Somatic
A
  1. What type of muscle surrounds the walls of the arterioles?
    A Smooth
    B Striated
    C Skeletal
    D Somatic
36
Q
  1. Which of the following structures have walls formed from myocardium?
    A Arteries
    B Veins
    C Ventricles
    D Arterioles
A
  1. Which of the following structures have walls formed from myocardium?
    A Arteries
    B Veins
    C Ventricles
    D Arterioles
37
Q
  1. How do the hamstrings contract during knee flexion?
    A Eccentrically
    B Isometrically
    C Autonomically
    D Concentrically
A
  1. How do the hamstrings contract during knee flexion?
    A Eccentrically
    B Isometrically
    C Autonomically
    D Concentrically
38
Q
  1. What type of joint is formed at the hip where the femur meets with the
    pelvis?
    A Hinge
    B Gliding
    C Condyloid
    D Ball and socket
A
  1. What type of joint is formed at the hip where the femur meets with the
    pelvis?
    A Hinge
    B Gliding
    C Condyloid
    D Ball and socket
39
Q
  1. Which muscle contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs?
    A Deltoids
    B Diaphragm
    C Pectoralis major
    D Transversus abdominis
A
  1. Which muscle contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs?
    A Deltoids
    B Diaphragm
    C Pectoralis major
    D Transversus abdominis
40
Q
  1. What is increased immediately when a joint mobility exercise is carried
    out?
    A Joint stability
    B Bone density
    C Release of synovial fluid
    D Release of lactate
A
  1. What is increased immediately when a joint mobility exercise is carried
    out?
    A Joint stability
    B Bone density
    C Release of synovial fluid
    D Release of lactate
41
Q
  1. When oxygen is being carried in the bloodstream what does it attach to?
    A Thrombocytes
    B Haemoglobin
    C Leukocytes
    D Plasma
A
  1. When oxygen is being carried in the bloodstream what does it attach to?
    A Thrombocytes
    B Haemoglobin
    C Leukocytes
    D Plasma
42
Q
  1. Which of the following tissues surrounds bundles of muscle fibres called
    fasciculi?
    A Periosteum
    B Perimysium
    C Endomysium
    D Epimysium
A
  1. Which of the following tissues surrounds bundles of muscle fibres called
    fasciculi?
    A Periosteum
    B Perimysium
    C Endomysium
    D Epimysium
43
Q
  1. Which muscles are located at the anterior thigh and cross the knee joint?
    A Quadriceps
    B Hamstrings
    C Deltoids
    D Pectorals
A
  1. Which muscles are located at the anterior thigh and cross the knee joint?
    A Quadriceps
    B Hamstrings
    C Deltoids
    D Pectorals
44
Q
  1. Which muscle originates on the anterior scapula and inserts onto the
    radius?
    A Rhomboids
    B Biceps brachii
    C Deltoids
    D Pectoralis major
A
  1. Which muscle originates on the anterior scapula and inserts onto the
    radius?
    A Rhomboids
    B Biceps brachii
    C Deltoids
    D Pectoralis major
45
Q
  1. What is pulmonary circulation?
    A Circulation between the heart and body
    B Circulation between the heart and lungs
    C Circulation through the heart muscle
    D Circulation from the right lung to the left lung
A
  1. What is pulmonary circulation?
    A Circulation between the heart and body
    B Circulation between the heart and lungs
    C Circulation through the heart muscle
    D Circulation from the right lung to the left lung
46
Q
  1. Which muscle is a key fixator during limb movements because it
    stabilises and compresses the abdominal cavity?
    A Hip flexors
    B Gluteus maximus
    C Rectus abdominis
    D Transversus abdominis
A
  1. Which muscle is a key fixator during limb movements because it
    stabilises and compresses the abdominal cavity?
    A Hip flexors
    B Gluteus maximus
    C Rectus abdominis
    D Transversus abdominis
47
Q
  1. Where are the radius and ulna located?
    A The shoulder girdle
    B The axial skeleton
    C The upper arm
    D The appendicular skeleton
A
  1. Where are the radius and ulna located?
    A The shoulder girdle
    B The axial skeleton
    C The upper arm
    D The appendicular skeleton
48
Q
  1. Which muscles contract eccentrically during hip extension?
    A Gluteals
    B Hamstrings
    C Latissimus dorsi
    D Hip flexors
A
  1. Which muscles contract eccentrically during hip extension?
    A Gluteals
    B Hamstrings
    C Latissimus dorsi
    D Hip flexors
49
Q
  1. What happens when the sliding filament theory is initiated?
    A Myosin slides over actin to create a muscle contraction
    B Mitochondria relax and slide over a sarcomere to lengthen a muscle
    C Actin slides over myosin to create a muscle contraction
    D Sarcomeres relax and slide over mitochondria to lengthen a muscle
A
  1. What happens when the sliding filament theory is initiated?
    A Myosin slides over actin to create a muscle contraction
    B Mitochondria relax and slide over a sarcomere to lengthen a muscle
    C Actin slides over myosin to create a muscle contraction
    D Sarcomeres relax and slide over mitochondria to lengthen a muscle
50
Q
  1. What is the name given to the bulbous ends of a long bone?
    A Epiphyses
    B Diaphyses
    C Medullary cavities
    D Synovial cavities
A
  1. What is the name given to the bulbous ends of a long bone?
    A Epiphyses
    B Diaphyses
    C Medullary cavities
    D Synovial cavities

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