Principles in O+G

Question 1

What is fertilisation?

Answer 1

Sperm + egg ≈ fertilisation in fallopian tube ≈ zygote ≈ divides to morula ≈ to form blastocyst ≈ reach uterus and implant in the endometrium ≈ develops into embryo and foetus

Question 2

Outline the stages of embryonic development.

Answer 2

Day 1 = Fertilisation

Day 3 = 8-cell zygote

Day 4 = 16-cell morula

Day 5 = blastocyst

Day 6 = zona hatching

Day 7 = Invade uterine wall

Day 9 = Cell mass differentiates

Day 12 = bilaminar disc forms

Day 14 = mesoderm forms

Day 18 = mesoderm spreads

Day 23 = amniotic sac grows

Question 3

Which day does the 16-cell morula form?

A. Day 3

B. Day 1

C. Day 4

D. Day 9

Answer 3

C. Day 4

Question 4

Which day does the zygote form?

A. Day 3

B. Day 1

C. Day 4

D. Day 9

Answer 4

A. Day 3

Question 5

Which day does the blastocyst form?

A. Day 3

B. Day 1

C. Day 4

D. Day 5

Answer 5

D. Day 5

Question 6

Which day does the blastocyst invade the uterine wall?

A. Day 3

B. Day 1

C. Day 7

D. Day 5

Answer 6

C. Day 7

Question 7

Which day does the mesoderm form?

A. Day 3

B. Day 12

C. Day 14

D. Day 5

Answer 7

C. Day 14

Question 8

What is screening in pregnancy?

Answer 8

Assess if woman or baby has particular health issue or disability

Blood test, USS, Questionnaire

Note diagnostic

Question 9

Which of the following can diagnose Down Syndrome? (may be more than 1 answer)

A. Clinical diagnosis

B. Genotype analysis (CGH)

C. USS

D. X-Ray

Answer 9

A. Clinical diagnosis

B. Genotype analysis (CGH)

Question 10

List 3 infectious diseases screened for to attempt to stop foetal-maternal transmission.

Answer 10

• Hepatitis B
• Syphilis
• HIV

Question 11

Which of the following tests is not a feature of the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)?

A. ß-hCG

B. AFP

C. Inhibin-A

D. NT scan

Answer 11

D. NT scan

Question 12

Which of the following tests is not a feature of the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)?

A. ß-hCG

B. AFP

C. NT scan

D. Inhibin-A

Answer 12

C. NT scan

Question 13

List the 4 tests in the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)

Answer 13

ßhCG

Inhibin A

Unconjugated estriol

AFP

Question 14

What stage (months) is the Combined Test conducted?

Outline what the Combined Test involves.

Answer 14

Blood test: ßhCG + PAPP-A
+ NT scan

11-14 weeks

Question 15

What is the Mid-Pregnancy scan?

Answer 15

Scan for foetal anomalies (18-21 weeks)

• Show foetal structures and development
• Placental position

Question 16

Give two diagnostic tests which can be used in pregnancy.

Answer 16

1. Chorionic Villus Sampling (11 weeks onwards)
   - 2-5% miscarriage risk
   - Sample placental tissue
2. Amniocentesis (15 weeks onwards)
   - 1% miscarriage risk
   - Amniotic fluid aspirated to study foetal chromosomes

Question 17

What is antepartum care?

Answer 17

Care prior to parturition (childbirth) which depends on the patient

Question 18

How is the place of birth decided?


Answer 18

Dependent on health of woman (high risk or low risk) and woman’s choice ≈ informed decision

Question 19

What is intrapartum care?

Answer 19

Care during labour and delivery

Question 20

What is postnatal care?

Answer 20

Care for mother following postpartum period for up to 6 weeks (puerperium) when physical changes return to non-pregnancy state ≈ psychological adjustment

Question 21

What is community care?

Answer 21

Care provided in the wider social area/population away from a hospital setting

Question 22

List 3 common postnatal problems

Answer 22

Postpartum blues
Postpartum depression
Postpartum psychosis
GU issues

Secondary PPH
Infections