Principles in O+G Flashcards
What is fertilisation?
Sperm + egg ≈ fertilisation in fallopian tube ≈ zygote ≈ divides to morula ≈ to form blastocyst ≈ reach uterus and implant in the endometrium ≈ develops into embryo and foetus
Outline the stages of embryonic development.
Day 1 = Fertilisation
Day 3 = 8-cell zygote
Day 4 = 16-cell morula
Day 5 = blastocyst
Day 6 = zona hatching
Day 7 = Invade uterine wall
Day 9 = Cell mass differentiates
Day 12 = bilaminar disc forms
Day 14 = mesoderm forms
Day 18 = mesoderm spreads
Day 23 = amniotic sac grows
Which day does the 16-cell morula form?
A. Day 3
B. Day 1
C. Day 4
D. Day 9
C. Day 4
Which day does the zygote form?
A. Day 3
B. Day 1
C. Day 4
D. Day 9
A. Day 3
Which day does the blastocyst form?
A. Day 3
B. Day 1
C. Day 4
D. Day 5
D. Day 5
Which day does the blastocyst invade the uterine wall?
A. Day 3
B. Day 1
C. Day 7
D. Day 5
C. Day 7
Which day does the mesoderm form?
A. Day 3
B. Day 12
C. Day 14
D. Day 5
C. Day 14
What is screening in pregnancy?
Assess if woman or baby has particular health issue or disability
Blood test, USS, Questionnaire
Note diagnostic
Which of the following can diagnose Down Syndrome? (may be more than 1 answer)
A. Clinical diagnosis
B. Genotype analysis (CGH)
C. USS
D. X-Ray
A. Clinical diagnosis
B. Genotype analysis (CGH)
List 3 infectious diseases screened for to attempt to stop foetal-maternal transmission.
- Hepatitis B
- Syphilis
- HIV
Which of the following tests is not a feature of the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)?
A. ß-hCG
B. AFP
C. Inhibin-A
D. NT scan
D. NT scan
Which of the following tests is not a feature of the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)?
A. ß-hCG
B. AFP
C. NT scan
D. Inhibin-A
C. NT scan
List the 4 tests in the Quadruple Pregnancy Test (14-20 weeks)
ßhCG
Inhibin A
Unconjugated estriol
AFP
What stage (months) is the Combined Test conducted?
Outline what the Combined Test involves.
Blood test: ßhCG + PAPP-A
+ NT scan
11-14 weeks
What is the Mid-Pregnancy scan?
Scan for foetal anomalies (18-21 weeks)
- Show foetal structures and development
- Placental position
Give two diagnostic tests which can be used in pregnancy.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (11 weeks onwards)
- 2-5% miscarriage risk
- Sample placental tissue - Amniocentesis (15 weeks onwards)
- 1% miscarriage risk
- Amniotic fluid aspirated to study foetal chromosomes
What is antepartum care?
Care prior to parturition (childbirth) which depends on the patient
How is the place of birth decided?
Dependent on health of woman (high risk or low risk) and woman’s choice ≈ informed decision
What is intrapartum care?
Care during labour and delivery
What is postnatal care?
Care for mother following postpartum period for up to 6 weeks (puerperium) when physical changes return to non-pregnancy state ≈ psychological adjustment
What is community care?
Care provided in the wider social area/population away from a hospital setting
List 3 common postnatal problems
Postpartum blues
Postpartum depression
Postpartum psychosis
GU issues
Secondary PPH
Infections
