Principles and theories of learning movement skills

Question 1

Four main points for operant conditioning

Answer 1

trial and error
manipulation
rat experiment
positive and negative reinforcement

Question 2

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 2

stimulus is given when the desired response occurs

Question 3

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 3

stimulus is withdrawn when the desired response occurs

Question 4

3 Thorndike laws

Answer 4

readiness, exercise, effect

Question 5

law of readiness

Answer 5

the performer must be physically and mentally able to perform the skill effectively

Question 6

law of exercise

Answer 6

repeating the S-R connection will strengthen the bond

Question 7

law of effect

Answer 7

if the outcome is followed by a satisfier then this will strengthen the S-R bond
if followed by an annoyer this will weaken the S-R bond

Question 8

Four main points for cognitive theory

Answer 8

intervening variables
supports whole practice
no trail and error
Gestaltists (German scientists)

Question 9

learned by considering our environment, give a sporting example of this

Answer 9

A footballer notices the ground is slippery, they will take this into account and adapt their play accordingly

Question 10

social learning theory’s main point

Answer 10

human behaviour has been copied from watching others

Question 11

The 4 steps of the process

Answer 11

attention
retention
motor reproduction
motivation

Question 12

explain attention according to the process of the SLT

Answer 12

to be able to imitate a demonstration, focus on the important cues

Question 13

explain retention according to the process of the SLT

Answer 13

remember the model that is presented

Question 14

explain motor reproduction according to the process of the SLT

Answer 14

must physically be able to imitate the skill being observed

Question 15

explain motivation according to the process of the SLT

Answer 15

level of motivation is crucial if they are going to imitate the performance