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CHI 421: Radiographic Positioning > Principles and Positioning Reader > Flashcards

Principles and Positioning Reader Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sequence suggested for taking X-rays?

A

pg 4

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2
Q

What are some of the aspects that you can critique on an image?

A

pg 12, 13

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3
Q 
PA Lumbosacral Spine/ AP lumbopelvic view 
Cassette size 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

pg 23

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4
Q 
Lateral Lumbar 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

25

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5
Q 
Anterior Oblique (lumbar)
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

26

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6
Q 
PA angulated lumbosacral Spot view 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

27

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7
Q 
Lateral lumbosacral spot view 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

28

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8
Q 
AP sacrum/ Coccyx 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

29

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9
Q 
Lateral Sacrum
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

30

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10
Q 
PA chest 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

32

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11
Q 
Lateral Chest 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing:
A

34

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12
Q 
Apical Lordotic Chest 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
35
A

35

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13
Q 
Rib Views 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations
A

37

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14
Q 
AP Thoracic
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
38
A

38

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15
Q 
Lateral Thoracic
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
39
A

39

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16
Q 
Swimmers view 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
40
A

40

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17
Q 
AP Open mouth 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
41
A

41

18
Q 
AP lower cervical 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
43
A

43

19
Q 
Lateral cervical 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
44
A

44

20
Q 
R and left Anterior obliques cervical 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
pg 45
A

45

21
Q 
Flexion, extension, lateral Cervical 
SID
kVp
Grid
Central Ray 
Tube tilt: 
Breathing: 
special considerations:
47
A

47

22
Q 
Standard Hip Views:
AP Pelvis
Cassette 
SID: 100cm 
kVp: 80
Grid: Yes 
Central Ray:
Breathing: 
Special considerations:
Shielding? 
48
A 
AP Pelvis
Cassette: 35 x 43  
SID: 100cm 
kVp: 80
Grid: Yes 
Central Ray: midline between ASIS and pubic symphysis 
Breathing: Suspended respiration 
Special considerations: Leg internally rotated 10 degrees 
Shielding? Yes
23
Q 
AP Spot Hip 
Cassette Size: 
SID: 100 
kvP: 80
grid: Yes 
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations: 
49
A 
Cassette: 24 x 30 
SID: 100
KvP: 80
Grid: Yes 
Central Ray: 5-7cm below mid point between ASIS and pubis on that side 
Tube tilt: none
Breathing: Suspended respiration 
Special considerations: 
Internal rotation of femurs 10deg 
Gonadal shielding
24
Q 
Frog leg Hip View: 
Cassette Size: 
SID
kVp: 
Grid:
Central Ray:
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special Considerations 
50
A 
Cassette Size: 24 x 30 
SID: 100 
kVp: 80
Grid: Yes 
Central Ray: Same as AP spot 
Tube tilt: none 
Breathing: Suspended respiration 
Special Considerations: 
lower part of knee on same leg should be as close to table as possible, if cant touch have a padded support 
If pt cant get within 10c, of table top, elevate patients opposite side untill knee contacts table, elevate pts opposite side untill knee contacts table, and place foam pad under elevated hip.
25
Q 
AP Knee (pg 52) 
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid: 
Central Ray:
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Cassette size: lil one portrait (18 x 24) 
SID: 100 
kVp: 60
Grid: NO 
Central Ray: 1 cm below apex of patella 
Tube tilt: 10 deg cephalad 
Breathing: suspended 
Special considerations: 
Might need to internally rotate knee to ensure AP orientation. 
-knee should be fully extended
SHILEDING USE ON ALL KNEES AND ANKLES
26
Q 
Lateral Knee: 53
Cassette Size: 
SID: 
kvP: 
Grid: 
Central Ray: 
Tube Tilt:
Breathing: 
Special considerations
A 
Cassette: Small one portrait 
SID: 100
kvP: 60 
Grid; NO 
Central Ray: Joint space 
Tube tilt: 5deg cephalad 
Breathing: suspended
Special considerations:
knee bent at 45 deg 
Lateral side of knee contacting table
27
Q 
Intercondylar View  (TUNNEL) View 54
Cassette Size: 
SID:
kVP:
Grid: None s
Central Ray: 
Tube Tilt: 
breathing:
Special considerations:
A

54
Intercondylar View (TUNNEL) View
Cassette Size: 18 x 24
SID: 100
kVP: 60
Grid: None (unles knee measures greater than 14cm- then use a grid and multiply mAs by 3 x
Central Ray: Popliteal fossa
Tube Tilt: 45deg Caudal
breathing: Suspended respiration
Special considerations: Patient prone, knee flexed to 45
-Increase mAs 50% from AP view (so measure AP)
-remember to account for a large tube tilt
-patella should contact upper half of cassette to allow for imageprojection into centre.

28
Q 
Tangential (Sunrise) View - 55
Cassette size:
SID
kVP
Grid:
Central ray:
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Tangential (Sunrise) View - 55
Cassette size: 18 x 24
SID: 100 
kVP: 60 
Grid: non (unless etc) 
Central ray: Patellofemoral joint 
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations: 
Knee should be fully flexed, may need assistance if cant reach 
-if they have patella trauma, rule out fx before performing this view.
-Increase 1.5 x from AP (so measure AP) and collimate area of interest.
29
Q 
AP and Lateral Leg view 56 
Cassette size: 
SID
kVP
Grid:
Central ray:
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations:
A

56
Cassette size: 35 x 43 oblique
SID: 100
kVP: 60
Grid: none
Central ray: mid shaft
Tube tilt: non
breathing: suspended
Special considerations:
-AP position without rotation
-lateral position without rotation, lateral side contacting cassette
-must attempt to include joints at each end of leg
-If leg too long, can plave leg diagonal and increase SID to 110cm
-can take both views on one large cassette if legs fit
-Use 1/3 mAs of AP knee (because fo switch from detail to regular speed cassette)
-Measure CR

30
Q 
AP Ankle 57
Cassette size:
SID
kVP
Grid:
Central ray:
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
57
Cassette size: 24 x 30 
SID: 100 
kVP: 55
Grid: None 
Central ray: Between malleoli 
Tube tilt: none 
breathing: suspended 
Special considerations: 
-divide a cassette in half by placing lead strip over half not being used. 
-Foot facing straight up neutral, close to perpendicular to the cassette (relaxed but not plantar flexed)
31
Q 
Medial Oblique Ankle 58 
Cassette size:
SID
kVP
Grid:
Central ray:
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
58
Cassette size: 24 x 30cm (one half- landscape)
SID: 100cm 
kVP: 55
Grid: None 
Central ray: Between malleoli 
Tube tilt: none 
breathing: suspended 
Special considerations: 
-leg and ankle medially rotated 45 deg 
-ankle dorsiflexed if possible
32
Q 
Lateral ankle 59
Cassette size: 24 x 30cm detail portrait or landscape 
SID: 100 
kVP
Grid:
Central ray:
Tube tilt:
breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Lateral ankle- 59
Cassette size: 24 x 30 
SID: 100 
kVP: 55 
Grid: non
Central ray: Medial Malleolus
Tube tilt: None 
breathing: Suspended respiration 
Special considerations: 
-ankle is placed lateral side down 
-position ankle in 90deg dorsiflexion 
-collimate to the ankle/ hindfoot region- this is not a lateral foot view.
33
Q

Mortise

60

A

Similar to AP, but medially rotate 15deg- best to evaluate mortise joint

34
Q 
FOOT VIEWS 
DP foot -61
Cassette size:
SID:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
61
Cassette size: 24 x 30 (1/2 cassette)
SID: 100 
kvP: 55
Grid: 55
Central Ray: base of 3rd metatarsal
Tube tilt: 10degrees CEPHALAD!!!
Breathing: suspended 
Special considerations:
-foot must be flat against cassette 
-measure at mid foot and use compensatory filters to avoid burnt out toes 
MUST include toes on film- legal
35
Q 
Medial Oblique Foot: 62 
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Cassette size: 24 x 30 (half) 
SID: 100 
kvp: 55
Grid: None 
Central Ray: Base of 3rd metatarsal 
Tube tilt: none
Breathing: suspended 
Special considerations:
-lateral side of foot is elevated (medial side down)
-use foam wedge to help hold position (under foot or knee)
36
Q 
Lateral Foot:  63
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Cassette size: 18x 24 (detail)
SID: 100
kVp:55
Grid: non
Central Ray: base of 3rd metatarsal  
Tube tilt: none
Breathing: suspended 
Special considerations:
-lateral side of foot against cassette for patient comfort
-must include toes and calcaneus
-make sure plantar surface is perpendicular to cassette and ANKLE IS DORSIFLEXED to 90 deg.
-For larger feet, use a 24 x 30cm cassette
37
Q 
Axial calcaneus View:  64 
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Cassette size: 18 x 24 (detail)
SID: 100 
kVp: 55 
Grid: non 
Central Ray: mid calcaneus 
Tube tilt: 40 deg cephalad 
Breathing: suspended 
Special considerations:
38
Q 
ALL AP shoulder Views 67
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A

Cassette size: 24 x 30
SID: 100
kVp: 70
Grid: yes
Central Ray: 2.5cm below coracoid process (about 5cm below top of clavicle
Tube tilt: non
Breathing: suspended respiration
Special considerations:
-pt back flat against the grid holder
-head turned away from the x-ray (to protect eyes)
Collimation should be to just beyond the outer soft tissue edges.
-can place a filter over the ‘dead space’ above the shoulder to reduce back scatter and AC region over exposure.

AP external rotation
arm slightly abducted

AP internal rotation:

  • arm slightly abducted and palms facing
  • ENSURE pt doesnt hunch shoulder forward.
39
Q 
AP Shoulder- Weight Bearing 
All factors same as AP views
humerus in neutral position 
-pt holds weighted object (3-10kgs) with relaxed shoulder to assess stability of AC and GH joints 
68
A

a

40
Q

SHoulder
posterior oblique (Grashey)
69

Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A

Cassette size: 24 x 30
SID: 100
kVp: 70
Grid: Yes
Central Ray: 2.5cm below coracoid process
Tube tilt: non
Breathing:suspended respiration
Special considerations:
-pts scapular body placed flat against the grid cabnet (about 30-40deg of body rotation)
-arm slightly abducted in neutral
Purpose: to see directly through glenohumeral joint.

41
Q 
Trans-scapular View: 70 
Cassette size:
SID:
kVp:
Grid:
Central Ray: 
Tube tilt:
Breathing:
Special considerations:
A 
Cassette size: 24 x 30 
SID: 100cm
kVp: 70 
Grid: Yes 
Central Ray: plane of scapulocostal articulation, mid scap body (measure through central ray)
Tube tilt: none 
Breathing: suspended respiration 
Special considerations:
-stand pt in anterior oblique position 
-arm across body anteriorly 
-generally requires 45-60deg of obliquity, depending on humeral position.

CHI 421: Radiographic Positioning (8 decks)

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