Principles Flashcards
Archimede´s Principle
Have you ever heard someone say, ‘Whatever floats your boat’? Well, the answer should always be ‘buoyancy.’
Buoyant force is the force applied upward on an object by any fluid. Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force applied to an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces.
mo = δov wo = mog = δogv B= wo (since segment of the fluid remains at rest) Archimedes principe
Bernoullis Equation
- Aυ = constant
- υ = constant
1.) The kinetic energy remains the same - The potential energy changes
2.) The net force on the fluid in the tube due to the surrounding fluid: (PA - PB)A, if the fluid in the section moves a short distance ΔX, then the work done is:
W = (PA - PB)A * ΔX = (PA-PB)ΔV
3.) The work done on the fluid must equal to the increase ΔEpot in its potential energy:
ΔEpot = ( δ ΔV)gyB - (δΔV)gyA
4.) From W = ΔEpot we get:
PA-PB = δg(yB-yA) -or- PA + δgyA = PB + δgyB
P= Pressure , Potential energy pr unit volume= δgy if velocity remains constant.
5.) If velocity changes υ, the Kinetic energy pr utit also changes. The work done on the fluid must be set equal to the change in the potential plus kinetic energy of the fluid.
PA+ δgyA + 1/2δυ^2A = PB + δgyB + 1/2 δυ^2B -or-
P + δgy + 1/2δυ^2 = constant
Newtons Frictionlaw
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Poiseuille´s law
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Reynolds number
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Stoke´s Law
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Höppler´s and Hessler´s viscosimeter
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The law of Laplace
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Fick´s first law
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Fick´s second law
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Van´t Hoff´s law
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Snell´s Law
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Lens-maker equation
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Ray Tracking method using 3 special light rays
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Huygens-Fresnel´s principle
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Rayleigh´s criterion
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Abbes criterion
0,6λ
D= ____
sin a
De Broglie Wavelenght
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Einstein´s Photon consept
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The photoelectric einstein´s equation
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Reyleigh, Raman and Compton scattering
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The law of light attenuation in matter
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The Lamber law
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The Beer-Lamber law
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X-rays
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Compton scattering
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Ohm´s law
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Donnan potential
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Nernest equation
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The Einthoven triangle
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Position emmission tomography (PET)
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
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Ultrasound
Doppler effect
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The radioactive tracer method
Radioisotopes of: In Vitro and Invivo
RIA- Radioimmunoanalysis
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Dose-effect curves
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Stochastic and deterministic effects
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Basic principles of radiation protection
Justification, Optimization (ALARA), dose limits..
Gas filled radiation detectors (ionization chamber, proporsonal counter, GM-tube
The Scintillation detector
Radiation units
Source activity Radiation exposure Absorbed dose Dose equivalent Effective dose
The biological effect of ionizing radiadiation
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“Transferred energy - induced effect” non-proportionaly
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Properties of radioactivity
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The radioactive decay law
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Electro cardiography (ECG)
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Equation of continuity
ΔV
Q = ____ S.I unit: m^3 s^-1
Δt
–> Quantitative statements about fluid flow are made in terms of the flow rate Q, the volume of fluid flowing past a point in a channel per unit time.
Incompressible fluid
Q1 = Q2
For incomressable fluid the rate Q1 at one end of the channel must be the same as Q2, the flow rate at the other end of the channel.
Incompressible flow rate
IF ALL THE FLUID IN THE CHANNEL IS MOVING WITH A UNIFORM VELOCITY
ΔX = Δt*υ ΔV= A*Δx = AΔtυ, but ΔV = QΔt --> Q= Aυ
Static consequenses of Bernoulli´s equation
If υ = 0 –> P + δgy = constant
Static consequenses of Bernoulli´s equation
Fluid at rest in a conteiner
Patm + δgh = PB + δgyB
PB = Patm + δgd –> PB is the function of the debth only
The manometer
P+ δgy1 = Patm + δgy2
P=absolute pressure
P=Patm + δgh
(P-Patm) gauge pressure
In manometer: Hg or other liquid
