principles

Question 1

Medical term for armpit

Answer 1

axilla

Question 2

medical term for chest

Answer 2

thorax

Question 3

medical term for groin/ private area

Answer 3

inguinal region

Question 4

what does patient supine mean

Answer 4

lying on their back

Question 5

what does patient prone mean

Answer 5

lying on their front

Question 6

what does the anatomical position look like

Answer 6

• standing- facing forward- face and eyes looking forward- upper limbs by side- palms of hands facing forward- feet together and toes pointing forward

Question 7

What is a sagital plane

Answer 7

section divided between left and right| if perfectly down the middle of body= median sagital plane

Question 8

what is a coronal plane

Answer 8

section of the body split front to back

Question 9

what is an oblique section

Answer 9

a section taken at an angle

Question 10

what is an axial plane

Answer 10

a section taken fron top to bottom

Question 11

what is the medical term for front and back?

Answer 11

anterior and posterior

Question 12

what does major and minor mean medically

Answer 12

relitively larger and smaller structures with the same name

Question 13

what does medial and lateral mean

Answer 13

medial- nearer to the midline/ median plane lateral- further from the midline/ median plane

Question 14

what do the terms proximal and distal mean

Answer 14

proximal- near to the attachment of the limb to the bodydistal- further from the attachment of the limb to the body

Question 15

what does superficial and deep mean

Answer 15

superficial- nearer to the surface of the bodydeep- further from the surface of the body

Question 16

what does external and internal mean

Answer 16

external- further from the centre of the body/ organinternal- nearer to the centre of the body/ organ

Question 17

what does dorsal and ventral mean

Answer 17

dorsal- on or relaing to the upperside/ backused for wrist, hand tongue and foot

ventral- on or relating to the underside/ frontvolar- wristpalmar- handventral-plantar- foot

Question 18

what does superior/ crnala mean

Answer 18

nearer to the top of the head

Question 19

what does inferior or caudal mean

Answer 19

nearer to the soles of the feet

Question 20

midline

Answer 20

single structure loacted at/ near the midline/ median plane

Question 21

unilateral

Answer 21

structure normally found on ONLY ONE side of the body

Question 22

ipsilateral

Answer 22

structure lies on the SAME SIDE of the body as the other struction/ location it is compared to

Question 23

bilateral

Answer 23

normally paired structures (right and left structure)

Question 24

contralateral

Answer 24

structure lies on the OPPOSITE SIDE of the body to the other structure/ location it is compared to

Question 25

what is flexion

Answer 25

decreasing the angle between bones at the jointeg. arm flexing

Question 26

what is extension

Answer 26

increasing the angle between the bones at a jointeg. swinging leg away from knee

Question 27

what is abduction

Answer 27

movement away from the median plane eg. lift arm up at the side

Question 28

what is adduction

Answer 28

movement towards the median planeeg. moving arm in towards body at side

Question 29

what is curcumduction

Answer 29

a circular motion at a joint

Question 30

what is internal/ medial rotation

Answer 30

the anterior surface of a limb rotates toward the median plane (clockwise)

Question 31

what is external/ lateral rotation

Answer 31

anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane (anti-clockwise)

Question 32

what is eversion (specific to the foot)

Answer 32

sole roates away from the median plane

Question 33

what is inversion (specific to the foot)

Answer 33

the sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane

Question 34

what is pronation (specific to the forearm)

Answer 34

anterior surface of the forearm rotates so the palm of the hand faces to the back

Question 35

what is supination

Answer 35

when the forearm rotates fromthe back to the anatomical position

Question 36

that does it mean by the extension and flexion of digits

Answer 36

figers striaghted are extended and finger to the palm is flexed

Question 37

what does it mean by opposition and reposition of digits

Answer 37

opposition- thumb touches pinky fingerreposition- thumbs moves back to anatomical position

Question 38

what is the axial skeleton composed of

Answer 38

bones of the skull, neck and trunk

Question 39

what is the appendicular skeleton made up of

Answer 39

bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Question 40

what bones are in the upper limbs

Answer 40

```1 long humerus bone- arm2 long bones radius (closer to thumb) and ulna- forearmcarpal bomes (wrist), metacarpals (palm) and phalanges(fingers)- hand```

Question 41

what bones are in the lower limb

Answer 41

```1 long febur bone- thigh2 long tibia and fibula (outside one)- legtarsasl bones (hindfoot), metatarsals (forefoot) and phalanges (toes)- foot```

Question 42

what are the 2 types of reflex

Answer 42

strech reflex, flexion withdrawal reflex

Question 43

what happens with flexion withdrawal reflex

Answer 43

1. touch something potentially damaging eg. hot iron2. sudden flexion to withraw from danger3. brain isn't involved

Question 44

what is neoplasia

Answer 44

neoplasia- the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of new cells or tissue in the body

Question 45

what is metastasis

Answer 45

metastasis- when cancer cells break away from the main tumour and enters a differnt part of the body

Question 46

what is angiogenesis

Answer 46

angiogenesis- the formation of new blood vessels

Question 47

what is metaplasia

Answer 47

a change of cells to a form that does not normally occur in the tissue it is found

Question 48

what is hyperplasia

Answer 48

An increase in cell number in response to a stimulus

Question 49

what aare the classifications of neoplasms

Answer 49

benign or malignant| malignant neoplasms= cancer

Question 50

what are benign neoplasms

Answer 50

Usually present as a localised mass lesion