Principles

Question 1

scientific study of the Earth

Answer 1

GEOLOGY

Question 2

rocks are crystallized/formed from -sediments from the Earth’s early oceans, with some volcanic event

Answer 2

NEPTUNISM

Question 3

rocks are formed from volcanic activity, with processes of weathering and erosion erosion, redeposition, burial, melting, and reformation

Answer 3

PLUTONISM

Question 4

Sudden, worldwide catastrophes are the agents of change

Answer 4

CATASTROPHISM

Question 5

processes that are going on today to shape the Earth are the same processes that have always been going on

Answer 5

UNIFORMITARIANISM

Question 6

Father of modern geology

Answer 6

James Hutton

Question 7

The universe formed from a singularity expanding into the universe

Answer 7

BIG BANG THEORY

Question 8

How long did the bigbang theory occured

Answer 8

13.7 billion years ago

Question 9

the solar system originated from a single rotating cloud of gas and dust, starting 4.6 billion years ago, which contracted due to gravity

Answer 9

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

Question 10

the planets were formed by the accumulation of extremely small bits of matter planetesimals that revolved around the sun

Answer 10

PLANETESIMAL HYPOTHESIS

Question 11

Distinguished by their metal core surrounded by rock.

Answer 11

TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

Question 12

Distinguished by the presence of hydrogen and helium resulting in their large sizes.

Answer 12

JOVIAN OR GAS PLANETS

Question 13

The crust is the cool, hard surface of the mantle.

Answer 13

CRUST

Question 14

more dense, Basalt rock.

Answer 14

Oceanic crust

Question 15

less dense, Granite rock.

Answer 15

continental crust

Question 16

• Largest layer
• Includes the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
• Made up of flexible viscous liquid.

Answer 16

MANTLE

Question 17

Consists of the crust and upper mantle.
Composed of hard brittle rock.

Answer 17

LITHOSPHERE

Question 18

• Layer of molten rock underneath the lithosphere.
• Part of the mantle that moves

Answer 18

ASTHENOSPHERE

Question 19

geological phenomena
from which a plume of molten rock
rises from the mantle to the crust

Answer 19

Mantle plumes