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Year 1 > Principles > Flashcards

Principles Flashcards

1
Q

normal pulse pressure

A

3-50mmHg

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2
Q

MAP equation

A

MAP = [(2xdiastolic)+systolic]/3

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3
Q

what is cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

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4
Q

where are baroreceptors located

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

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5
Q

which nerve slows rate of firing from SA node and increases AV node delay via acetylcholine acting on muscarinic M2 receptors

A

vagus

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6
Q

Stroke volume equation

A

SV = edv - esv

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7
Q

where is renin released from

A

kidneys

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8
Q

angiotensin II stimulates the release of ____ from the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

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9
Q

natriuretic peptides examples

A

ANP and BNP

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10
Q

what is the basal metabolic rate

A

the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function

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11
Q

what is the control centre for temperature regulation

A

hypothalamus
anterior - activated by warm
posterior - activated by cold

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12
Q

at threshold, ___ enters the cell causing explosive depolarisation

A

Na+

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13
Q

what is saltatory conduction

A

when action potential jumps from one node of ranvier to another

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14
Q

is delta G positive or negative in exergonic reactions

A

negative

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15
Q

example of a buffer solution in the body

A

haemoglobin in the blood

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16
Q

what is a holoenzyme

A

enzyme with cofactor

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17
Q

enzyme without cofactor is called an _____

A

apoenzyme

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18
Q

what is the Vmax

A

the maximal reaction rate at unlimited substrate concentration

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19
Q

what is Km

A

it is exactly half of the maximum velocity

20
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to a drug

21
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body

22
Q

potency

A

the amount of drug required to produce an effect of a particular intensity.

23
Q

agonists

A

A drug or substance that binds to a receptor inside a cell or on its surface and causes the same action as the substance that normally binds to the receptor.

24
Q

what site do non-competitive antagonists bind to

A

allosteric

25
why do we give LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT heparin
small enough to fit through capillaries
26
the higher the therapeutic index, the safer a drug is. true or false
true
27
rate of elimination =
clearance x Plasma concentration
28
what is zero order elimination
the drug is excreted at a constant rate independent of the total drug concentration in the plasma.
29
VINDICATE (surgical sieve)
vascular infection/inflammation neoplasia drugs/toxins iatrogenic congenital autoimmune trauma endocrine/metabolic
30
main cell of acute inflammation
neutrophil
31
opsonins
bacteria etc are coated in proteins making them stand out
32
what is suppuration
formation of pus
33
are antibiotics effective for abscess centre
no, as no blood supply. need to pop it
34
what type of inflammation would be in autoimmune
chronic
35
types of necrosis
coagulative liquefactive caseous
36
example of caseous necrosis
TB
37
what is the main checkpoint at the end of G2 (of the cell cycle) regulated by
p53
38
metaplasia
reversible change from one mature cell type to another
39
Predisposition to cancer genes
BRCA, FAP
40
hallmarks of cancer
sustained growth signalling loss of growth inhibition unlimited replicative potential resisting apoptosis inducing angiogenesis disordered repair mechanism evasion of immune system activating invasion and metastasis
41
disordered repair mechanism example
xeroderma pigmentosa
42
oncogenes are related to which hallmark of cancer
sustained growth signalling
43
bowel cancer screening age
50-74
44
incidence
number of new cases of a disease during a specific time period
45
prevalence
a measure of the frequency of a disease or health condition in a population at a particular point in time
46
gold standard type of research
randomised controlled trial

Year 1 (3 decks)

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