Principle Of Nutrition Flashcards
What are Carbohydrates (CHO)?
Provides energy for cellular work, help regulate protein and fat metabolism. Main source of fuel (glucose) for the brain, skeletal muscles during exercise, erythrocyte and leukocyte production, and cell function of the renal medulla.
What is the average minimum amount needed to fuel the brain (in grams) ?
130 g/day
Men and Women 20 plus years and older need how many grams of CHO daily?
Men 20 year + 296 g/day
Women 20 year + 256 g/day
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for CHO?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - 45% to 65%
Type of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides: Simple carbohydrates ( Glucose .i.e., dextrose. Fructose, Galactose )
Disaccharides: Simple carbohydrates ( Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose )
Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates ( Starch, Fiber, Glycogen)
The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream by converting which two simple carbohydrates? Which in turn does what to blood glucose level? how?
Fructose and Galactose. It elevates blood glucose levels, which causes the release of insulin from the pancreas. Glucose (dextrose) is moved out of the bloodstream and into the cells in order to meet energy needs by insulin.
How long does it take to digest 95% of Polysaccharides?
1-4 hours after ingestion.
Where does digestion occur for complex carbs and how?
Digestion occurs mainly in the small intestines using pancreatic amylase to reduce complex carbohydrates into disaccharides.
What is Glycogen?
A stored carbohydrate energy source found in the liver and muscles. It is a vital energy source but only available in limited supply
How does the body maintain expected glucose levels between meals?
Glucose (dextrose) is released through the breakdown of liver glycogen.
Digestible carbohydrates provide how many calories/gram of energy?
4 calories / gram
What is a dietary fiber? What are the types?
Substance found in plant food that is indigestible.
Types are Pectin, gum, cellulose, and oligosaccharides
Why are fiber important?
Important for proper bowel movement. It adds bulk to the feces and stimulates peristalsis to ease elimination. Studies show fiber helps to lower cholesterol and lesson the incidence of intestinal cancers.
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) of Fiber for men and women?
Men: 38 g/day
Women: 25 g/day
Monosaccharides.
Examples and Function
Glucose ( Corn Syrup)
Fructose ( Fruits)
Galactose ( Found in milk)
Basic energy for cells
