Principals

Question 1

Precintual and Transect Planning

Answer 1

Precintual Planning stems from a center where the city is allowed to expand in all directions. It is considered to be flexible but can lead to sprawl. Transect planning separates a city into six linear zones that gradually transition from a heavily dense urban center.

Question 2

Housing types: Fair share, assisted living, elderly housing, cooperative housing, public housing, self help

Answer 2

Fair share: low income housing- mobile parks Assisted living is for the disable elderly housing is for low income no long term leases Cooperative housing is a non profit organization that has a building where you can be a member and live there. Public housing: addicts and homeless Self help: low income, labor is by residents

Question 3

Euclidean zoning smart or flexible zoning: cluster, floating conditional use form base code performance zoning incentive zoning exclusionary inclusionary

Answer 3

-Euclidean zoning: land use restriction, single use permitted only, dimensional restriction. -Smart or flexible zoning: a-Cluster zoning in which density is determined for entire area b-Floating zone: delineates conditions which must be met before the zoning district can be approved. Floating zone is not designated on the zoning map. -Form base zoning is a means of regulating development to achieve a specific urban form -Performance zoning: “effects-based planning” intended to provide flexibility, rationality transparency. -Incentive zoning: reward base zoning. Tax waiver or grants. -Exclusive zoning: promotes social and economic segregation through exclusion. Gentrification. -Inclusionary zoning: ordinance that requires a given share of new construction to be affordable. Vest pocket community throughout the city.

Question 4

Pod PUD Entreprise zone Special improvement district

Answer 4

Pod: pedestrian oriented development. Walkability to work and services. PUD: large area of land that is subdivided Entreprise zone: business district Special improvement district: offsite improvement. Businesses on that district pay for the upkeep

Question 5

Zoning regulations: Non conforming Transfer of development rights TDR Purchase of development rights Moratorium or stop gap Growth cap

Answer 5

Zoning regulations: Non conforming: grandfathered. Zoning law written after building was there. Needs to conform if changes are made. Transfer of development rights TDR created to protect farm lands. Purchase of development rights Moratorium or stop gap: temporary hold on specific development until zoning updated. Way of dealing with unforeseen issue. Growth cap: reach limit of the city. Permanent halt to all development. Max out infrastructure, or land area.

Question 6

Sustainable Planning Sense of place/ neighborhood identity

Answer 6

Sense of place/ neighborhood identity Smart growth: open public spaces, visual identification to markets, preserve scenic vistas, strategic telecommunication, towers and billboards. Adaptive reuse of historic building, neighborhood schools, community gardens, and sidewalk vendors. New urbanism: central public spaces, bicycling and roller-blading, community vitality. Ahwahnee principals: flexible and central public spaces. Ample supply. Hannover principals: ecologically spiritual connectivity

Question 7

Sustainable Planning Land Conservation

Answer 7

Land conservation Smarth growth: community edge as a green belt. Preserve working land. Civic centers in urban areas. TDR and PDR for private land. Protect greenfields. New urbanism: community edge as agriculture and green belt. Transect planning. Central urban areas. Distributed civic centers. Ahwahnee principals: community edge as agriculture or green belt. Hannover principals: co-existence of human and natural habitat.

Question 8

Sustainable Planning Resource Efficiency

Answer 8

Resource efficiency: Smart growth: green infrastructure programs New urbanism: energy efficient infrastructure Ahwahnee: natural drainage, water efficient landscaping, energy efficient orientation. PASIVE Hannover: low maintenance , zero waste. Long life cycle of materials, renewable energy sources.

Question 9

Sustainable Planning Walkability

Answer 9

Walkability: Smart growth: POD, traffic-calming, retrofit existing walkways New urbanism: pod, traffic-calmingm

Question 10

Sustainable Planning Density

Answer 10

Smart growth: Increase density, lower FAR, atrium housing privacy in home and yard New Urbanism: Increase density Ahwahnee Principal: Integrated Communities

Question 11

Sustainable Planning Inclusive Zoning

Answer 11

Smart Growth: Inclusive housing New Urbanism: Inclusive Housing Ahwahnee Principal: Inclusive housing and businesses

Question 12

Sustainable planning Public Transport

Answer 12

Smart Growth:TOD New Urbanism: Rail line Ahwahnee Principal: Access to Public transit stops

Question 13

Sustainable Planning Connectivity

Answer 13

Smart growth:Interconnected walkways New Urbanism: Interconnected street grid, Rail line to connect urban centers to neighborhoods

Question 14

Sustainable planning PUD

Answer 14

Smart growth: PUD, zoning based on bulding type, flexible zoning, limit regional competition NU:PUD

Question 15

Sustainable Planning Parking

Answer 15

Smart growth: Reduce off-street parking. Onstreet parking New Urbanism: On street parking, Alley garages Access

Question 16

Sustainable planning Incentives

Answer 16

Smart growth: land reclamation split rate, property taxes, EPA grants

Question 17

Sustainable planning Adaptive reuse

Answer 17

Smart growth: Brownfield redevelopment, fix-it first, infill checkup, land reclamation, Onsite and offsite improvements, special improvements districts

Question 18

forms of circulation methods Radial System Linear system Curvilinear system

Answer 18

-radial system directs flow to or from a common center. -Linear system of circulation connects flow between two points. May result in congestion -Curvilinear systems: responds to the topography and land and aligns with natural contours.

Question 19

design criteria for vehicular circulation

Answer 19

-Road Crown should have a slope rate of 1/8-1/2 -Traffic lanes for individual vehicles for major vary from 11 to 12’ -Typical 2 lane highway, allowing 9’for shoulder on each side is 40-42’ -Intersections in straight line, or those offset by no less than 150’are safer -The length of a cul-de-sac should not exceed 400’ -Maximum length of a block is 1600

Question 20

Auto Ramp criteria

Answer 20

Question 21

Ramp design criteria

Answer 21

Question 22

what could be the problem associated with the use of steel in direct burial systems

Answer 22

Corrosion

Question 23

thermal inertia

Answer 23

Ability of material to store heat

Question 24

floodplain aquifer

Answer 24

floodplain is a relative flat land with a stream aquifer is underground permeable material. Sand, gravel sandstone , and some limestones are good aquifers

Question 25

Design strategies on Climatic Regions

Answer 25

Cold climates 1- use compact forms 2-use large, south-facing window with small windows on the east and west and with minimal or not windows on the north 3-use interior materials with a high thermal mass 4-include summer shadings for glazed areas 5-Use dark or medium-dark color for the building exterior Temperate climates 1-plan rectangular buildings with the long direction oriented generally along east-west axis. 2-provide shade in the summer 3- use south facing openings 4-plan for cooling effects of wind in the summer but block on winter. 5-use medium colors for the building exterior. Hot humid climates -provide shade for all openings -maximize natural ventilation with large openings and high ceilings and cross ventilation -use light materials for construction, and use light colors for exterior of building Hot arid climates 1 use compact forms 2 minimize opening sizes 3 provide shade for openings 4 maximize thermal mass 5 light colors for exterior

Question 26

Site Acoustics One decibel Sound intensity examples Audible landscaping

Answer 26

-One decibel is the smallest difference in sound intensity that can be perceived. -0db-treshold of hearing 10 db breathing 30db nighttime indoor 45db daytime -Landscape reduces sound: 100’ of connifers reduces 5db. A wall reduces by 15db, and a bern by 15 db. doubling distance 6db and from freeway doubling distance 3db

Question 27

soil load test auger borings wash borings Core borings

Answer 27

auger borings are designed to bring up soil samples by an auger fastened to a long pipe of road. Wash borings: useful when bedrock core borings: they can penetrate through all materials, to great depth, and bring up complete cores of the material.

Question 28

Soil properties

Answer 28

specific gravity grain size grain shape liquid and plastic limits- to obtain compressibility and compaction values. water content void ratio unconfined compression

Question 29

Types of soil problems

Answer 29

inadequate bearing sub surface water seismic forces

Question 30

Drainage systems slopes

Answer 30

0.5% minimun slope for surface drainage 2% proper slope away from the building edge 2-10% proper slope range for drainage ditches 25% maximum slope for a grassed area

Question 31

*earthwork Modes of failure for open pit excavation or trenching

Answer 31

toppling sliding bulging of sides heaving of ground

Question 32

*earthwork grading rough grading finish grading

Answer 32

grading is the alteration of contours rough grading is the addition or removal of earth prior to the start of construction finish grading is the final distribution of the earth at the conclusion of construction

Question 33

Logical approach on sitting buildings

Answer 33

locate buildings along gently sloping terrain -locate bldgs. where positive natural drainage exists -Arrange vehicular circulation systems on the site to follow contours rather than opposed them -locate paved parking relative level ground, rather than sloping ground -locate buildings so they relate to new and existing utility system -select high pressure sodium or metal halide lamps in preference to incandescent lamps for parking lighting

Question 34

contract zoning

Answer 34

An agreement between a developer and local government to restrict usage of height, or to provide additional setbacks or buffers, over and above what is required by ordinance in return for certain benefits. ex additional restrictions in return for being granted approval of a conditional use