Environmental issues

Question 1

physiographic geography

Answer 1

Topo and climate land description

Question 2

heat island effect

albedo

Answer 2

surfaces that wer once permeable and moist become impermeable and dry. these changes cause urban regions to become warmer than rural surroundings forming an island of higher temp. in the landscape.
albedo: color/reflectance is indicator for heat gain

Question 3

what type of lights are more effciently design to reduce energy cost and increase comfort?

Answer 3

• fixtures that use fluorescent or HID lamps.
• Fixtures that are designed to diffuse or bounce the illumination off the ceilings
• Fixtures that have higher efficiency (T-8)
• Fixtures that offer dimming or multiple switching
• Fixtures that use high efficiency electronic ballasts

Question 4

Silent Spring

Answer 4

alarm on the effect of pesticides. Published by Rachel Carson

Question 5

How to reduce disruption of natural water courses

Answer 5

provide on-site infiltration of contaminents. Use swales filled with wetland vegetation

• reduce impermeable surface and allow local aquifer recharge
• encourage groundwater recharge

Question 6

Commissioning

Answer 6

Is an organized process to ensure that all building systems perform interactively according to the intent of the architectural and engineering design. (beginning of design, during construction, and completion of construction)

Question 7

Innovated Technologies

Answer 7

Groundwater aquifer cooling and heating: Aquifer thermal energy storage which uses the differential thermal energy in water from an underground well to cool or heat a building

• Wind turbines
• Fuel cells
• Biogas

Question 8

The Natural step

Answer 8

follows the principal on which the biosphere affecting humans is a relatively stable and resilient zone that includes five miles into the earths crust and five miles into the troposphere

Question 9

Kevin Lynch and 5 elements of imageability

Answer 9

Paths: routes of circulation
districts: sections of the environment having an identifying character
Edges: boundaries, terminations or separations
Landmarks: visual features that act as points of reference
Nodes: centers of activity

Question 10

What do you do if Haz mat are found at a Brownfield?

Answer 10

We do a site assestment:
Phase 1: Inspection
Phase 2: Testing: Ground penetration Rader for metallics or borings
Phase 3: Mitigation- Cleanup
ex. Phytoremediation for biological waste, septic system: Plants to absorb and purify soil. Also Compost can be used: decaying landscape debri to purify soil

Question 11

Where does Radon comes from and how do we remediate?

Answer 11

Is a naturally occurring gas below grade and to remediate we add a subslab depressurization.

Question 12

What do we use to prevent corrosion on
metals
finishes like alluminun

Answer 12

metals: Boron
Finishes:Anodizing and powder cot

Question 13

Some elements of Gothic Architecture

Answer 13

Narthax, entry choir

Question 14

Standard Penetration Test

Answer 14

Is a soil test to determine the soil strenght. Drill or hammer is used to advance into the soil. The number of hammer blows are recorded at every 6in increments

Question 15

Define
Humus
Loam
Permatfrost
Alluvium
Bentonite
Peat

Answer 15

Humus: Permeable, low plasticity, semi-cohesive organic soil
loam is a mix of clay, silt and sand found at the base of a reservour
Permatfrost: Is a permanently frozen soil
Alluvium: Is a sediment or mud from rain flow
Peat: organic material that is decay and toxic