Primitive Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Give all 6 primitive reflexes that start at 28 weeks of gestation.

A

Rooting, Sucking, Moro, Plantar Grasp, Flexor Withdrawal, and Crossed extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which reflexes begin at birth?

A

Palmar Grasp, ATNR, Tonic Labyrinthine, and some Associated movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the integration time, stimulus, and response for the rooting reaction.

A

Integration: 2-5 months; 7 months while sleeping
Stimulus: Corner of mouth stroked outwards
Response: Lower lip drops at corner; Tongue moves towards stimulus; head turns toward side of mouth that was stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would be a normal response to the rooting reaction? What is abnormal?

A

Normal: Assists in finding nipple
Abnormal: prolonged may adversely effect control of oral motor musculature, feeding, & speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the integration, stimulus, and response for the sucking reflex?

A

Integration: 2-5 months
Stimulus: Finger or nipple placed in infants mouth
Response: Rhythmical sucking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When looking at the sucking reflex give the normal and abnormal responses.

A

Normal: Important for feeding and self calming
Abnormal: Absence-> problems with feeding and calming; Persistence-> contributes to oral motor coordination problems with feeding and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference in nutritive sucking and non-nutritive sucking?

A

Nutritive: Draws out milk by creating negative suction in oral cavity
Non: Can perform minutes after birth, complex sequential pattern with definable components, beneficial with self calming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Moro Reflex is integrated around what time? What stimulates that and what is the response?

A

Integration: 3-5 months
Stimulus: Child is semi-reclined with head in midline. Support the infants head and shoulders and allow the head to drop back 20-30 degrees. Neck muscles are stretched.
Response: ABD/Ext of arms then ADD/Flex or arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal response of the Moro reflex trying to accomplish? What would be considered abnormal and why?

A

Normal is trying to hold on to mommy
Abnormal: Asymmetry may indicate brain injury, peripheral nerve injury, or muscle injury. If this persists it will interfere with normal movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the Palmar Grasp reflex become integrated? What is the stimulus and response?

A

Integration: 4-9 months
Stimulus: Pressure against plan of hand from ulnar side to middle of palm.
Response: Fingers flex around finger or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal response in the palmar grasp is significant why? Why is it bad if the response is abnormal?

A

Normal: Early experience of active closing of hand
Abnormal: If persists precludes normal hand function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After onset at 28 weeks gestation, the plantar grasp is integrated at ____ months. The stimulus for this reflex is ______ and the response is ________.

A

9-12 months
Pressure against sole of foot behind toes
Flexion of all toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ATNR is integrated at how many weeks? When is it the strongest?

A

Integration: 4-6 months

Strongest at 2 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stimulus is given to get a response from ATNR?

A

Stimulus: Rotation of infants head to one side (actively or passively)
Response: Archers pose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it important that a baby have a normal ATNR response? Why is it bad if they have an abnormal response?

A

Normal allows for hand eye coordination and visual regard, disappears when neck righting reaction with rotation appears.

Abnormal: Must be integrated for rolling, hands to mouth or midline, and creeping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) begin and integrate? What is the stimulus and response? Why is this significant?

A

Onset: 4-6 months
Integration: 10 ish months
Stimulus: Neck flexion or extension while infant prone or quad
Response: Neck Flexion-UE flex and LE ext
Neck Ext- UE Ext and LE Flex
Significance: Must be integrated to achieve adequate 4 point position for creeping

17
Q

When will the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex be integrated? What is the stimulus/response?

A

Integrated: 6 months
Stimulus/Response: Flexor and extensor tone dependent on position changes— Prone= increased flexor tone; Supine= increased extensor tone

18
Q

What is the issue with TLR if it persists?

A

May cause motor delays- unable to lift head in prone, unable to bring heads to mouth in supine and unable to move against gravity

19
Q

Give the onset, integration, stimulus, and response for Positive Support Reaction.

A

Onset: 35 weeks gestation
Integration: 1-2 months
Stimulus: Lower child in vertical suspension so feet make flat contact with hard surface (cutaneous and proprioceptive input to ball of foot)
Response: Contraction of flexors and extensors in LE in order to support weight. Should come down on heels not toes!

20
Q

If a child’s positive support reflex looks normal what will you see? What is hindered with the persistence of this reflex?

A

Normal: Indicator of muscle tone

If persistent then GMS are decreased

21
Q

What is the name of the condition when positive support goes away at 2 months? Is bouncing considered part of the reflex?

A

Astasia

No bouncing is not part of the reflex!

22
Q

What is the onset, integration, stimulus, and response for automatic stepping?

A

Onset: 27 weeks
Integration: 2 months
Stimulus: Child supported in vertical suspension with feet touching surface and inclined forward.
Response: Alternating rhythmical reciprocal “walking” with heel strike

23
Q

What is considered normal and abnormal for automatic stepping?

A

Normal: Represents early use of neural circuits used for locomotion
Abnormal: Prevents functional locomotion with balance and equilibrium reactions

24
Q

Explain what you know about Flexor Withdrawal

A

Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 1-2 months
Stimulus: Legs extended with noxious stimulus to sole of foot
Response: Withdrawal of stimulated leg from stim
This is normal for protection, it is abnormal if it decreases norma gait

25
Q

Give all the information we should know for crossed extension.

A

Onset: 28 weeks gestation
Integration: 1-2 months
Stimulus: One leg held into ext; sole of foot stimulated
Response: Flexion followed by ext and ADD of contralateral leg with toe ABD.
Normal reaction is to push examiner away for protection; abnormal will decrease GMS

26
Q

What information is important for the galant response?

A

Onset: 32 weeks gestation
Integration: 2 months and may persist
Stimulus: Moving stimulus on skin along paravertebral (shoulders to buttocks)
Response: Incurvatum with hip swing towards stimulus
Most common reflex in babies and is abnormal if scoliosis results due to trouble stabilizing at midline

27
Q

Explain UE Placing reactions.

A

Onset: Birth
Integration: 2 months
Stimulus: Vertical position, press dorsum of hand against table edge
Response: UE flexes to clear table edge and then extends to WB on hand

28
Q

Explain LE placing reactions

A

Onset: 35 weeks gestation
Integration: 2 months
Stimulus: Same as UE but push dorsum of foot into table edge
Response: Same as UE but WB on plantar surface of toot

29
Q

Why are both placing reactions important?

A

Normal: Protective mechanism

Abnormal will decrease GMS

30
Q

What information is important for associated movements?

A

Onset: Birth- 3 months
Integration: 8-9 years
Stimulus: Instruct child to squeeze rubber squeaky toy for 15 seconds
Response: Observe overflow with other arm

31
Q

Why is it important that associated movements not be abnormal?

A

Abnormal: tonic increase in muscle activity of opposite extremity could indicate brain damage. Lack of coordination or late persistence could indicate depression of CNS or sensorimotor depression.