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Lifespan Development (EXAM 2) > Primitive Reflexes > Flashcards

Primitive Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the rooting reflex?

A

To assist baby to find food, breastfeeding

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2
Q

What is the origin and integration of the rooting reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 3 mos

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3
Q

What is the stimulus of the rooting reflex?

A

Tactile
Stroke/touch to the check

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4
Q

What does the rooting reflex look like in the baby?

A

Baby automatically opens mouth and turns head towards stroke/touch on cheek

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5
Q

What are possible signs of retention of the rooting reflex?

A

Picky eater, thumb sucking, speech and articulation problems

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the suck swallow reflex?

A

To assist with coordination of feeding and respiration

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7
Q

What is the origin and integration of the suck swallow reflex?

A

O: 28-34 weeks GA
I: 5 mos

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8
Q

What is the stimulus of the suck swallow reflex?

A

Tactile, touch to lips and inside mouth for sucking and liquid for swallowing

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9
Q

What does the suck swallow reflex look like in baby?

A

rhythmic excursions of jaw; tongue rides up and down with jaw, then swallow

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10
Q

What are some possible signs of retention of the suck swallow reflex?

A

Sucking on finger, thumbs and clothes

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the palmer/grasp reflex?

A

To assist baby’s grasp development

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12
Q

What is the origin and integration of the palmer/grasp reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 4-7 mos

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13
Q

What is the stimulus provided to the palmar/grasp reflex?

A

Tactile/propio
Touch or pressure to palm of hand

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14
Q

What does the palmar/grasp reflex look like in baby?

A

Hands closes when object is placed in the palm

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15
Q

What are some possible signs of retention of the palmar/grasp reflex?

A

Poor fine motor skills, poor manual dexterity, poor handwriting

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the plantar grasp reflex?

A

Protecting the sole of the foot

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17
Q

What is the origin and integration for the plantar grasp reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 9 months

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18
Q

What is the stimulus provided in the plantar grasp reflex?

A

Tactile, propio
Bottom of foot pressure

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19
Q

What does the plantar grasp reflex look like in baby?

A

Curling of toes

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20
Q

What are some possible signs of retention of the plantar grasp reflex?

A

Poor balance, delay in walking, tension in the jaw

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the Moro reflex?

A

Instant arousal of survival system
Primitive fight or flight

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22
Q

What is the origin and integration of the Moro reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 3-5 months

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23
Q

What is the stimulus provided in the Moro reflex?

A

Jt. Receptors, propio, vestibular
Sudden unexpected extension of the head

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24
Q

What does the Moro reflex look like in baby?

A

Extension/abduction of the UE followed by flex/add, then a cry

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25
Q

What are some possible signs of retention in the Moro reflex?

A

Hyper sensitivity, hyper reactivity, sensory overload, difficulty with visual perception

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26
Q

What is the purpose of ATNR?
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

To assist the baby through birth canal and to develop cross pattern movements

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27
Q

What is the origin and integration of the ATNR reflex?

A

O: 20 weeks GA
I: 4-5 mos

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28
Q

What is the stimulus provided in the ATNR reflex?

A

Proprio of cervical mm, labyrinths
Activated by turning the head to the left or right side

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29
Q

What does ATNR look like in baby?

A

As the head is turned, the arm/leg on the same (face) side will extend while limbs on the opposite side flex

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30
Q

What are some possible signs of retention in ATNR?

A

Difficulty with eye-hand coordination, handwriting, crossing vertical midline, visual tracking

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the spinal galant reflex?

A

Assists baby with birth process, crawling and creeping

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32
Q

What is the origin and integration of the spinal galant reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 3-9 mos

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33
Q

What is the stimulus provided to the spinal galant reflex?

A

Tactile, proprio
Prone lying, stroke 1” from the spine from medial scapula to buttock

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34
Q

What does the spinal galant reflex look like in baby?

A

Lateral flexion of trunk or skim wrinkling toward stimulated side

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35
Q

What are some possible signs of retention in the spinal galant reflex?

A

Unilateral or bilateral posture issues, fidgeting, bedwetting, clothing issues, poor concentration

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36
Q

What is the purpose of the cross extension reflex?

A

Enhances postural support during withdrawal of the affected limb from painful stimulus

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37
Q

What is the origin and integration of the cross extension reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks GA
I: 1-2 mos

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38
Q

What is the stimulus provided to the cross extension reflex?

A

Tactile, proprio
Hold 1 leg in extension at the knee then apply firm pressure to the arch of the foot

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39
Q

What does the cross extension reflex look like in baby?

A

A. Flexion, abduction then extension of opposite leg
B. Contralateral extension with abduction, internal ROT.

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40
Q

‘
What is the purpose of the flexor withdrawal reflex?

A

Helps protect us from noxious stimuli such as pain or heat

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41
Q

What is the origin and integration of the flexor withdrawal reflex?

A

O: 28 weeks
I: 1-2 mos

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42
Q

What is the stimulus provided to the flexor withdrawal reflex?

A

tactile
Fast stroke to medial sole of foot with leg extended

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43
Q

What does the flexor withdrawal reflex look like in baby?

A

entire limb flexes on the side the stimulus was given

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44
Q

What is the purpose of the stepping reflex?

A

Shows your baby’s brain already understands the motions needed to eventually walk or crawl

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45
Q

What is the origin and integration of the stepping reflex?

A

O: 37 weeks
I: 2 mos

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46
Q

What is the stimulus provided in the stepping reflex?

A

tactile, proprio
Support baby in vertical position under arms. Incline trunk forward with feet on support surface

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47
Q

What is the stimulus provided in the stepping reflex?

A

tactile, proprio
Support baby in vertical position under arms. Incline trunk forward with feet on support surface

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48
Q

What does the stepping reflex look like in baby?

A

Several reciprocal steps will be taken

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49
Q

What is the purpose of proprioceptive placing (UE/LE) reflex?

A

Assist with the motor coordination of the body

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50
Q

What is the origin and integration of the proprioceptive placing (UE/LE) reflex?

A

O: 34 weeks
I: 2 mos

51
Q

What stimulus is provided in the proprioceptive placing (UE/LE) reflex?

A

Tactile
Support subject in vertical position. Lean forward and scrape dorsum of hand or foot against edge of table

52
Q

What does proprioceptive placing (UE/LE) reflex look like n baby?

A

Subject lifts limb, extends wrist or dorsiflexes ankle, and automatically places sole or palm on table to bear weight

53
Q

What is the purpose of STNR reflex?
Symmetrical Tonic neck Reflex

A

Preparation of crawling

54
Q

What is the origin and integration for STNR?

A

O: 4-5 mos
I: 8-12 mos

55
Q

What stimulus is provided to STNR reflex?

A

proprio of cervical mm
Flexion or extension of head

56
Q

What does STNR look like in baby?

A

With head flexion: arms flex and legs extend
With head extension: arms extends and hips flex

57
Q

What are some possible signs of retention of STNR?

A

Tendency to slump while sitting, poor muscle tone, w-sitting, poor eye-hand coordination, difficulty sitting still and concentrating

58
Q

What are some possible signs of retention of STNR?

A

Tendency to slump while sitting, poor muscle tone, w-sitting, poor eye-hand coordination, difficulty sitting still and concentrating

59
Q

What is the purpose of TLR reflex?
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

A

Helps infant develop spatial awareness, balance and motor skills

60
Q

What is the origin and integration of TLR?

A

O: birth
I: 4-6 mos

61
Q

What stimulus is provided to TLR?

A

Vestibular/proprio
Position of head determines limb posture

62
Q

What does TLR look like in baby?

A

Against gravity:
head falls forward in flexion: UE/LE flex
Head falls into extension: UE/LE ext

Passively move and feel for resistance in supine/prone

63
Q

What are some possible signs of retention in TLR?

A

Poor balance and posture

64
Q

RIGHTING REACTIONS:

What is the purpose of the labyrinthine Head righting?

A

Corrects orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normals upright position

65
Q

What is the origin and integration of the labyrinthine head righting?

A

O: 0-2 mos
I: persists throughout life

66
Q

What is the stimulus provided to the labyrinthine head righting?

A

Vestibular, proprio neck
Subject blindfolded and held in vertical suspension, or sitting. Tilt anteriorly, posteriorly and to each side

67
Q

What is the response to the labyrinthine head righting?

A

Head orients to vertical position (face vertical, mouth horizontal). If tilted too far, will align with trunk.

68
Q

What is the purpose of optical righting?

A

Helps the head orient itself using visual inputs

69
Q

what is the origin and integration of optical righting?

A

O: 0-2 mos
I: Persists throughout life

70
Q

What stimulus is provided to optical righting?

A

Vision
As compared to labyrinthine head righting, but the subject is not blind folded. Observation of movement.

71
Q

What is the response to optical righting?

A

Rights head and body in relationship to environment

72
Q

What is the purpose of Landau?

A

Helps develop the motor control of the back (posterior) body and relationship of horizontal and vertical perspectives of the body.

73
Q

What is the origin and integration of Landau?

A

O: 3-4 mos
I: 12-24 mos

74
Q

What is the stimulus provided to landau?

A

Proprio of neck and trunk
Horizontal suspension, supported only at the abdomen or over lap

75
Q

What is the response to landau?

A

Head raises, evoking a chain extension response to include shoulders, back, hips, and knees

76
Q

What is the purpose of NNOB?
Neonatal neck on Body Righting

A

To keeps head in a normal upright position or to support the head to come in an upright position

77
Q

What is the origin and integration of the NNOB?

A

O: 34 weeks
I: 4-5 mos

78
Q

What is the stimulus provided to NNOB?

A

Proprio cervical spine
Turn subject’s head to one side

79
Q

What is the response to NNOB?

A

Body will follow in log-roll fashion

80
Q

What is the purpose of NBOB?
Neonatal Body on Body righting

A

To keep head in normal upright position or to support the head to come in an upright position

81
Q

What is the origin and integration of NBOB?

A

O: 34 weeks
I: 4-5 mos

82
Q

What is the stimulus provided to NBOB?

A

Flex knee and rotator cuff pelvis to one side

83
Q

What is the response of NBOB?

A

Head and upper trunk will follow in log-roll fashion

84
Q

What is the purpose of BOH?
Body Righting Acting on Head

A

Helps keep the body oriented with respect to the ground or surface regardless of the position of the head

85
Q

What is the origin and integration of BOH?

A

O: 0-2 mos
I: 5 years

86
Q

What is the stimulus provided to BOH?

A

Otoliths, tactile, proprio
1. Blindfolded in prone
2. Side-lying, rotate hip across body

87
Q

What is the response of BOH?

A
  1. Lifts head
  2. Trunk, then head will align with body
88
Q

What is the purpose of NOB?
Neck Righting Acting on Body

A

Helps the body maintain its orientation in space and in relation to gravity

89
Q

What is the origin and integration of NOB?

A

O: 4-6 mos
I: 5 years

90
Q

What stimulus is provided to NOB?

A

Proprio of neck
Rotate head to one side

91
Q

What is the response to NOB?

A

Trunk and LEs follow segmentally

92
Q

What is the purpose of BOB?
Body Righting acting on BODY

A

Helps keeps the body oriented with respect to the ground or surface regardless of the position of the head

93
Q

What is the origin and integration of BOB?

A

O: 4-6 mos
I: 5 years

94
Q

What stimulus is provided in BOB?

A

Labyrinthine proprio lumbar area
Flex hip, rotate across body (asymmetrical contact of body on support surface)

95
Q

What is the response of BOB?

A

Upper trunk and head follow segmentally

96
Q

EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS:
What is the origin of visual placing?

A

O: UE 3-4 mos
O: LE 3-5mos

97
Q

EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS:
What is the origin of visual placing?

A

O: UE 3-4 mos
O: LE 3-5mos

98
Q

What is the receptor in visual placing?

99
Q

What is the stimulus in visual placing?

A

Lower child towards support surface, as in proprioceptive placing, but do not supply tactile input.

100
Q

What is the response in visual placing?

A

Same as in proprioceptive placing

101
Q

What is the origin of protective extension (UE)
Parachute response?

A

O:
UE forward or inverted 6-7mos
UE sideward 7-8 mos
UE backwards 9-10

102
Q

What is the receptor in Protective extension UE?

A

Vestibular

103
Q

What is the stimulus provided in Protective extension (UE)?

A

UE Forward- hold in prone and plunge head towards support surface, or place in sit and displace balance forward.

UE side/back- in sitting, quickly displace balance sideward, backward

104
Q

What is the response of protective extension (UE)?

A

Extension of appropriate extremity to catch self from falling

105
Q

What is the origin for Protective extension LE?

106
Q

What is the receptor of Protective extension (LE)?

A

Vestibular

107
Q

What stimulus is provided to Protective Extension (LE)?

A

Hold subject vertically and plunge feet towards support surface.

108
Q

What is the response to Protective Extension LE?

A

Knee extension with hip abduction and external rotation and dorsiflexion

109
Q

What is the Origin of Protective Staggering (LE)?

A

O: 15-18 mos

110
Q

What is the receptor for Protective Staggering (LE)?

A

Vestibular (Proprio, visual)

111
Q

What is the stimulus provided for protective staggering (LE)?

A

In standing, push subject quickly in all directions

112
Q

What is the response to Protective staggering (LE)?

A

Steps to catch shelf in appropriate direction

113
Q

What is the origin of Tilting?

A

O:
Prone- 6mos
Supine- 7-8mos
Sit- 7-8 mos
All 4’s- 9-12 mos
Stand- 12-21mos

114
Q

What is the receptor in tilting?

A
  1. Vestibular
  2. Proprioceptive, vestibular
115
Q

What is the stimulus in tilting?

A

Place subject in selected position on a moveable base of support (ball,tilt board). Tilt equipment slowly in all directions. If tilt too far or too fast, may observe less advanced protective reactions

116
Q

What is the response in tilting?

A

Trunk will laterally flex toward the “up” side. (Labyrinthine). The head will then turn toward the up side as well as extension and abduction of the extremities on that side.

117
Q

What is the origin of postural fixation?

A

O:
Prone- 6mos
Supine- 7-8 mos
Sit0 7-8 mos
All 4’s- 9-12mos
Stand- 12-21mos

118
Q

What is the receptor in Postural fixation?

A

Vestibular
Proprioceptive, vision

119
Q

What is the stimulus provided in Postural Fixation?

A

Apply external force to the subject

120
Q

What is the response to postural fixation?

A

Similar to tilting, but occur as a response to counterbalance an external force applied to the body. Also see ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion in standing.

121
Q

What is the purpose of performing reflex testing?

A

Determine the gestational and developmental age

122
Q

What is the difference between obligatory and habituation?

A

Obligatory is automatic, movement dominated by reflex
Habituation has more control over independent movements

123
Q

When performing reflex testing, what are some considerations?

A
  1. Must be specific and accurate stimulus given
  2. Provide adequate time for response and palpation
  3. Reflexes provided the foundation for volitional movements

Lifespan Development (EXAM 2) (3 decks)

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