5-12yrs, Bio Changes, Gait Flashcards by Tiffany Casias

GROSS MOTOR

Describe in a 5-6 y.o.

They can stop, change directions quickly, hop 8-10steps on foot, roller skate, bike, skip

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FINE MOTOR

Describe in a 5-6 y.o.

Dynamic tripod grasp, ties shoes, zips up coat independently, copies a diamond correctly

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONE

Describe a 5 y.o. And a 6 y.o.

5 y.o.- poor self control, remove temptation/redirection

6 y.o.- struggles with ambiguity, difficulty understanding intentions

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONE

Describe Piaget’s stages of play

Rule play 5-7+ (involves more than 1 child)
Cooperative play (toy, tag, chase, and catch) and competitive play (sports)

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COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE MILESTONES

Describe in a 5-6 y.o.

Understands past, present, future concepts.
Begins concrete-operational thinking

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GROSS MOTOR MILESTONES

Describe for an 8 yo

Jumps rope, throws ball with improved accuracy

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FINE MOTOR MILESTONES

Describe for a 7-9 yo

Continues to refine dexterity, improve reaction time, games with fine motor skills, hobbies like sewing

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONES

describe for a 7 yo

Express two emotions about the same thing
Understand gender

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONES

describe for a 7 yo

Express two emotions about the same thing
Understand gender

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COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE MILESTONES

Describe 7-8 yo

Understands conservation of mass
Rehearsal strategies to aide memory
Plays strategy games
Reads for pleasure
Diff b/w ask and tell

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GROSS MOTOR MILESTONES

Describe for 10-12 yo

Jumping distance increases
Running speed stabilizes for girls
Improved reaction time for sports performance

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GROSS MOTOR MILESTONES

Describe for 10-12 yo

Jumping distance increases
Running speed stabilizes for girls
Improved reaction time for sports performance

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONE

Describe for a 8-9 yo

Understands that two people can feel differently about the same situation

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONE

Describe for a 8-9 yo

Understands that two people can feel differently about the same situation

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SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MILESTONE

Describe for a 10-11 yo

Able to look at own view and another’s view, trouble detecting deception, friends > family

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COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE MILESTONES

Describe 9-10 yo

Ask and tell understood and used
Spelling improves
Judgement about text relevance
Able to summarize

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COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE MILESTONES Describe

Describe 11-12yo

Formal operations
Abstract thinking
Deductive reasoning (if then this happens)

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Mature walking happens at what age?

7 yo is adult like gait pattern

In the Skeels and Dye Study, which groups had an increase in IQ?

The 13 children with the women, increased by 27 points d/t attention and stimulation. The controlled group drops 26 points.

What is Wolff’s Law about?

Bones develop in relation to forces applied to them through loading response and weight bearing and pull of muscle activation. Bones are stronger with load vs weaker without.

What is Heuter-Volkmann Principle about?

Growth plates need the appropriate amount of tension, but excessive compression can decrease growth

Remodeling: Bone remodeling in the infant is _____times the rate of adults.

An infant in the beginning in relation to the spine and pelvis presents as…

kyphosis in the spine
Posterior tilt of pelvis
Hips are retroverted
Sacrum not fused until 1st year

Describe the hips in infants?

-Flexion contracture of 30 degree
- no true hip extension until 2 yo
-ER (90), IR (60)
-coax Valhalla of 125 to 150

How much external and internal rotation do infants have?

90degree of external 60degree of internal

What is the angle of inclination for an adult? And what degree?

125deg angle of inclination 10-15deg

What is the angle of inclination for peds? And what degrees on the femoral head?

135-145 angle of inclination 25-30degree

What is anteversion?

A condition where the head of femur is rotated internally, causing inward toeing.

During anteversion, how is compensation presented?

Externally compensated by toes facing toward. This causes glute med shortening/ weakening

What is femoral retroversion and how is it presented?

A condition where the femur rotates externally. It presents with toe outwards.

During retroversion, how does compensation present?

Compensation is into internal rotation with toe facing forward. Cause increased lengthening of glute, unable to produce force.

KNEE at infant stage: What is the degree of flexion, genu position and degrees?

30 degree of knee flexion contracture Genu varum (bow legged) of 15-17degrees

Knee- infant Regarding tibial torsion, if medial tibial torsion is observed, how is it presented?

The gait is described as an “in toeing gait” pattern.

Describe infant to adult varum to valgus degrees.

Begins in genu varum at 15degrees, then gradually into valgus at 12degrees at 3-4 yr, then resolves and decreases the valgus angle to 5 degrees.

What drives the change from varus to valgus?

-compression forces during weight bearing -decreased in coxa valga(increased in adduction) -medial distribution of weight on the foot

Ankle and Foot Infants measure how much in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Dorsiflexion - 70deg Plantar flexion- 15-30deg

Why is 7 yr considered adult like gait mechanics?

This is due to the development of the longitudinal arch

SPINE When does the sacrum fully fuse?

The end of the first year of life

Why is prone important during infant development pertaining to the spine?

The activation of the back extensors are strengthen against the effects of gravity. The COG then is shifted posteriorly to the pelvis and low back decreasing the kyphosis of the spine.

Why is prone important for upper extremities?

The weight bearing on hand stretches fingers and wrist flexors, provides sensory input of the palm. Prone on elbows develops serratus anterior mm strength and overall arm strength for protective extension.

At what age will an infant be able to preform supination in gravity resistance plane?

6-7 months for full supination

Describe the gait stance of a beginner walker (11-18 mos)/ standing.

Wide base of support, hips are flexed-abd-ER, knees are flexed. Arms are in high guard and trunk slightly tilted backwards.

At what age does cadence decrease, resulting in increased step length and decreased contracture?

18-24 mos