Primitive reflex

Question 1

Definition P.R

Answer 1

• are reflex action originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants in response to particulari stimuli
• are primarily tested with suspected brain injury
• Appear and evolve parallel to the maturation of the CNS toward more automatic responses to cortical maturation
• Their absence, excessive persistence or assymetry can be a sign of pathology
• The persistence of the reflexes makes organizing the movement difficult

Question 2

Kind of PR ( 12 responses)

Answer 2

1. Moro reflex
2. Walking/stepping reflex
3. Root reflex
4. Sucking reflex
5. Asymetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
6. Symmetrical tonic reflex
7. Palmar grasp reflex
8. Plantar reflex
9. Galant reflex
10. Swimming reflex
11. Babkin relfex
12. Parachute reflex

Question 3

MORO REFLEX

Answer 3

• It’s present at birth and begins to disappear
around 2 months of age
• It’s likely to occur if the infant’s head suddenly
shifts position, the temperature changes
abruptly, or they are startled by a sudden
noise
➢Sign pathology: after six months and or
assymmetric

Question 4

WALKING/STEPPING REFLEX

Answer 4

• When the soles of their feet touch a flat
surface, they will attempt to walk by placing
one foot in front of the other.
• It disappear at six weeks. It reappears as a
voluntary behaviour around 8 months to one
year old

Question 5

ROOT REFLEX

Answer 5

• A new born infant will turn its head toward anything
  that strokes its cheek or mouth, searching for the
  object
• It disappear around four months of age

Question 6

SUCKING REFLEX

Answer 6

• The child instinctively suck anything that touches the
  roof of their mouth and simulates the way a child
  naturally eats
• It disappear around four months of age

Question 7

ASYMETRICAL TONIC NECK REFLEX (ATNR)

Answer 7

- When the child’s head is turned to
the side, the arm on that side will
straighten and the opposite arm will
bend.
- It disappear at around four month

Question 8

PALMAR GRASP REFLEX

Answer 8

• When an object is placed in the infant’s hand, the
  fingers will close and they will grasp it with a palmar grasp
• It disappear at around 4th month

Question 9

PLANTAR REFLEX

Answer 9

An abnormal plantar reflex occurs when an upper motor neuron control over the flexion circuit is interrupted. This also occurs in babies under 1 year old, because of the low myelination of the corticospinal tracts

Question 10

GALANT REFLEX

Answer 10

• When the skin along the side of an infant’s back is strocked, the infant will swing toward the side that was strocked
• It disappear between 4 to 6 months

Question 11

SWIMMING REFLEX

Answer 11

• The infant will begin to paddle and kick in a swimming motion
• This reflex disappears between 4 to 6 months

Question 12

BABKIN REFLEX

Answer 12

After the application of pressure to both palms, infants may display head flexion, head rotation, opening of the mouth or a combination of these responses

Question 13

PARACHUTE REFLEX

Answer 13

This reflex occurs in slightly older infants when the child is held upright and the baby’s body is rotated quickly to face forward (as in falling).
The baby will extend their arms forward