Primer semestre/primer bloque/inglés/clase 25 de febrero Flashcards
How many measurements are needed in the home blood pressure measurement?
4 per day, 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening, once before Tx and once after Tx
Where is ambulatory BP measurement used?
In clinics and researchers
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ambulatory BP measurements?
Advantages: provides a 24/7 BP measurement
Disadvantages: it’s expensive
How to diagnose hypertension?
With 2 separate occasional measurements over 140/90 mmHg
How many minutes do we have to wait to measure BP if the Px has recently drunk coffee or exercised?
30 minutes
What is HTN?
Hypertension
What are the 3 types of hypertension?
Whitecoat
Masked
Nocturnal
What causes the whitecoat HTN?
An anxiety response from the Px when he’s in a clinical context
What are the values of whitecoat HTN?
Over 140/90mmHg in medical settings
What causes masked hypertension?
When the Px cheats on his/her treatment and takes the Tx only when he’s about to visit the Doctor
What are the values for masked BP?
Office BP <140/90 but increased to >135/85 at home
What is the risk for the Px with masked BP to develop a cardiovascular disease?
Up to 10 to 30%
What is nocturnal HTN?
When there is a BP dipping at night
How can we detect nocturnal HTN?
Only with an ambulatory BP monitoring
What are SBP and DBP?
Systolic BP and dyastolic BP
What is the normal range for SBP?
<120mmHg
What is the normal range for DBP?
<80mmHg
What is the prehypertension range for SBP?
120-139mmHg
What is the prehypertension range for DBP?
80-89mmHg
What is the stage 1 hypertension range for SBP?
140-159mmHg
What is the stage 1 hypertension range for DBP?
90-99mmHg
What is the stage 2 hypertension range for SBP?
>160mmHg
What is the stage 2 hypertension range for DBP?
>100mmHg
What is orthostatic hypotension?
The 20mmHg drop in SBP and 10mmHg drop
What is the first thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?
Technical problems
What is the second thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?
Arteritis
What is the coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the thoracic aorta
What happens to SBP in the coarctation of the aorta?
Is higher in the upper extremities
How do we Dx the coarctation of the aorta?
Measuring brachial, radial, and femoral BP in the prone position and comparing them
What depends the skin color on?
On a cell called melanocyte
What type of lesion is a bulla?
Primary
What type of lesion is a vesicle?
Primary
What type of lesion is a pustule?
Primary
What type of lesion is a macule?
Primary
What type of lesion is a nodule?
Primary
What type of lesion is a papule?
Primary
What type of lesion is a plaque?
Primary
What is a bulla?
Large fluid-containing blister > 1cm
What is a vesicle?
Small fluid-containing blister < 1cm
What is a pustule?
Vesicle containing pus
What is a macule?
A flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin color, < 1cm
What is a nodule?
Circumscribed, elevated lesion
What is a papule?
Elevated solid skin lesion, < 1 cm
What is a plaque?
Papule > 1cm
What is this?
A papule
What is this?
A bulla
What is this?
A pustule
What is this?
A macule
What is this?
A patch
What is this?
A nodule
What is this?
A papule
What type of lesion scales are?
Secondary
What type of lesion crust are?
Secondary
What type of lesion fissures are?
Secondary
What type of lesion scare are?
Secondary
What type of lesion atrophy are?
Secondary
What is a scale?
Flakes confined skin layer
What is a crust?
Dried exudate on the skin, also called honeycombed crust
What is a fissure?
Cracks in the skin
What is an ulcer?
Area of destruction of the entire epidermis
What is a scar?
Excess collagen production
What is skin atrophy?
Loss of some portion of the skin
