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Primer Año > Primer semestre/primer bloque/inglés/clase 25 de febrero > Flashcards

Primer semestre/primer bloque/inglés/clase 25 de febrero Flashcards

1
Q

How many measurements are needed in the home blood pressure measurement?

A

4 per day, 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening, once before Tx and once after Tx

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2
Q

Where is ambulatory BP measurement used?

A

In clinics and researchers

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3
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of ambulatory BP measurements?

A

Advantages: provides a 24/7 BP measurement
Disadvantages: it’s expensive

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4
Q

How to diagnose hypertension?

A

With 2 separate occasional measurements over 140/90 mmHg

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5
Q

How many minutes do we have to wait to measure BP if the Px has recently drunk coffee or exercised?

A

30 minutes

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6
Q

What is HTN?

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of hypertension?

A

Whitecoat
Masked
Nocturnal

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8
Q

What causes the whitecoat HTN?

A

An anxiety response from the Px when he’s in a clinical context

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9
Q

What are the values of whitecoat HTN?

A

Over 140/90mmHg in medical settings

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10
Q

What causes masked hypertension?

A

When the Px cheats on his/her treatment and takes the Tx only when he’s about to visit the Doctor

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11
Q

What are the values for masked BP?

A

Office BP <140/90 but increased to >135/85 at home

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12
Q

What is the risk for the Px with masked BP to develop a cardiovascular disease?

A

Up to 10 to 30%

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13
Q

What is nocturnal HTN?

A

When there is a BP dipping at night

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14
Q

How can we detect nocturnal HTN?

A

Only with an ambulatory BP monitoring

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15
Q

What are SBP and DBP?

A

Systolic BP and dyastolic BP

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16
Q

What is the normal range for SBP?

A

<120mmHg

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17
Q

What is the normal range for DBP?

A

<80mmHg

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18
Q

What is the prehypertension range for SBP?

A

120-139mmHg

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19
Q

What is the prehypertension range for DBP?

A

80-89mmHg

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20
Q

What is the stage 1 hypertension range for SBP?

A

140-159mmHg

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21
Q

What is the stage 1 hypertension range for DBP?

A

90-99mmHg

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22
Q

What is the stage 2 hypertension range for SBP?

A

>160mmHg

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23
Q

What is the stage 2 hypertension range for DBP?

A

>100mmHg

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24
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

The 20mmHg drop in SBP and 10mmHg drop

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25
Q

What is the first thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?

A

Technical problems

26
Q

What is the second thing to consider when listening to weak or inaudible Korotkoff sounds?

A

Arteritis

27
Q

What is the coarctation of the aorta?

A

Narrowing of the thoracic aorta

28
Q

What happens to SBP in the coarctation of the aorta?

A

Is higher in the upper extremities

29
Q

How do we Dx the coarctation of the aorta?

A

Measuring brachial, radial, and femoral BP in the prone position and comparing them

30
Q

What depends the skin color on?

A

On a cell called melanocyte

31
Q

What type of lesion is a bulla?

A

Primary

32
Q

What type of lesion is a vesicle?

A

Primary

33
Q

What type of lesion is a pustule?

A

Primary

34
Q

What type of lesion is a macule?

A

Primary

35
Q

What type of lesion is a nodule?

A

Primary

36
Q

What type of lesion is a papule?

A

Primary

37
Q

What type of lesion is a plaque?

A

Primary

38
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large fluid-containing blister > 1cm

39
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small fluid-containing blister < 1cm

40
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Vesicle containing pus

41
Q

What is a macule?

A

A flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin color, < 1cm

42
Q

What is a nodule?

A

Circumscribed, elevated lesion

43
Q

What is a papule?

A

Elevated solid skin lesion, < 1 cm

44
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Papule > 1cm

45
Q

What is this?

A

A papule

46
Q

What is this?

A

A bulla

47
Q

What is this?

A

A pustule

48
Q

What is this?

A

A macule

49
Q

What is this?

A

A patch

50
Q

What is this?

A

A nodule

51
Q

What is this?

A

A papule

52
Q

What type of lesion scales are?

A

Secondary

53
Q

What type of lesion crust are?

A

Secondary

54
Q

What type of lesion fissures are?

A

Secondary

55
Q

What type of lesion scare are?

A

Secondary

56
Q

What type of lesion atrophy are?

A

Secondary

57
Q

What is a scale?

A

Flakes confined skin layer

58
Q

What is a crust?

A

Dried exudate on the skin, also called honeycombed crust

59
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Cracks in the skin

60
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Area of destruction of the entire epidermis

61
Q

What is a scar?

A

Excess collagen production

62
Q

What is skin atrophy?

A

Loss of some portion of the skin

Primer Año (18 decks)

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