Primer On Pulm Infections Flashcards
1
Q
Nasal stuffiness Sneezing Headache Malaise Myalgia Fatigue Pharyngitis No Fever Winter months
A
Common cold
2
Q
Most common cause of common cold?
A
Rhinovirus
3
Q
Nonspecific febrile illness Malaise Headache Coryza Sneezing Nausea Vomiting 3-4 days Summer months
A
Summer grippe
4
Q
Most common cause of summer grippe?
A
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
5
Q
Mucosal inflammation of nose and paranasal sinuses Sneezing Rhinorrhea Congestion Post nasal drip Aural fullness Facial pressure Headache Sore throat Cough Fever Myalgias
A
Viral acute rhinosinusitis
Or bacterial can follow viral
6
Q
Most common cause of viral acute rhinosinusitis?
A
Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza virus
RSV
Adenovirus
7
Q
Most common cause of bacterial acute rhinosinusitis?
A
S. pneumoniae
Nontypeable H. influenzae
8
Q
Rhinosinusitis that develops bloody nasal discharge, dusky or necrotic turbinates, and changes in mental state Black eschar of palate *HALLMARK* Diplopia Decreased ocular motion Chemosis Proptosis Ptosis Brain abscess
A
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
9
Q
Most common cause of rhinocerebral mucormycosis?
A
Rhizopus
Rhizomucor
10
Q
Fever Sore throat Edema Hyperemia of tonsils and pharyngeal wall Conjunctivitis Cough Coryza Hoarseness Diarrhea Anterior stomatitis
A
Viral pharyngitis
11
Q
Most common cause of viral pharyngitis
A
Adenovirus
HSV
EBV
Coxsackievirus
12
Q
Fever Sore throat Edema Hyperemia of tonsils and pharyngeal wall Odynophagia Tender cervical lymph nodes
A
Bacterial pharyngitis
13
Q
Starts as sore throat May progress as septic thrombophlebitis of IJV with: Pain Dysphagia Neck swelling/stiffness Sepsis 3-10 days after sore throat May spread to lungs
A
Lemierre’s disease - postanginal septicemia
14
Q
MCC of Lemierre’s disease
A
Fusobacterium necrophorum
15
Q
Pharyngeal pain Pseudomembrane on tonsils- bleeding w/attempted removal Bull neck appearance Regional lymphadenopathy Edema Fever fetid breath Neurological abnormalities
A
Diphtheria
-corynebacterium diphtheriae
16
Q
Usually begins as URI followed by Dysphonia Hoarseness Aphonia or reduced vocal pitch Odynophagia Odynophonia Sore throat Fatigue Malaise Erythema Edema
A
Acute laryngitis
17
Q
Causes of acute viral laryngitis
No particular virus is most common
A
Parainfluenza Influenza Adenovirus RSV HSV Rhino Coxsackievirus
18
Q
MCC of bacterial acute laryngitis
A
S. pyogenes
19
Q
Fever Restlessness Air hunger Mild URI symptoms Hoarseness Barking cough Inspiratory stridor
A
Viral croup or laryngotracheobronchitis
20
Q
MCC of viral croup
A
Parainfluenza virus type I
21
Q
Acute onset Fever Severe sore throat Hoarseness Pyrexia, generally unwell Stridor 4 Ds: dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling, distress Thumb sign on lateral cxr
A
Bacterial epiglottitis and
Supraglottis
22
Q
MCC of bacterial epiglottitis
A
H. influenzae type B
23
Q
Cough - nonproductive at first Substernal pain Fever Crackles and rhonchi Malaise Headache Coryza Sore throat
A
Acute Bronchitis
24
Q
MCC of acute bronchitis
A
Influenza Parainfluenza Adeno RSV HSV Rhino Coxsackievirus Echo
25
```
Symptoms of URI
Plus paroxysmal cough and dyspnea
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Fever
Exploratory wheezing
Inspiratory crackles
Cyanosis
Hyperinflation
Patchy infiltrates
air trapping
Focal atelectasis
Flattened diaphragm
Increased AP diameter
```
Bronchiolitis
26
MCC of bronchiolitis
RSV
27
```
Coryza
Sneezing
fever
Mild-occasional cough
Then progresses to severe cough
Inspiratory whoop
Vomiting
```
Pertussis
| Bordetella pertussis
28
```
High fever
Shaking chills
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Productive cough-purulent sputum
Lung consolidations
Dullness to percussion
Wheezes or crackles
Toxic facies
```
Pneumonia
29
MCC of typical pneumonia
S. pneumoniae
30
MCC of pneumonia with bulging fissure sign
Klebsiella pneumoniae
31
MCC of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
S. aureus
H. influenzae
32
MCC of pneumonia in alcoholic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae
33
MCC of pneumonia in nursing home resident
Enterobacter
Klebsiella pneumoniae
E. coli
34
MCC of pneumonia in COPD patient
H. influenzae
| K. pneumoniae
35
MCC of pneumonia in IV drug users
S. aureus
36
MCC of pneumonia in military camps, dorms, and young people
N. meningitidis
37
MCC of pneumonia in elderly patient or with recent flu
S. aureus
38
```
1 week to develop fever
Chills
Cough
Mucoid sputum or no sputum
Well appearing facies
Lung infiltrates
Rarely consolidations
```
Atypical pneumonia (interstitial)
39
MCC of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
| Pneumocystis jiroveci
40
MCC of afebrile pneumonia
Chlamydia trachomatis
41
Pneumonia but with recurrent chills rather than a shaking chill
Foul swelling sputum sometimes
Fever
Leukocytosis
Aspiration pneumonia
42
```
Develops over several weeks to a month
Night sweats
fever
Productive cough
Purulent sputum
Dyspnea
Coin lesions (Ghon focus)
```
Tuberculosis
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis
43
```
Fungal pneumonia
Erythema nodosum
Hilar adenopathy
Yeast cells in PMNs of monocytes
Hyphae and tuberculate macroconidia
```
Chronic pneumonia -
| Histoplasma capsulatum
44
Fungal pneumonia
Erythema nodosum
Hilar adenopathy
Spherule
Chronic pneumonia -
| Coccidioides immitis
45
Fungal pneumonia
Rough verrucous skin lesions
Broad based budding yeast
Chronic pneumonia-
| Blastomyces dermatitidis
46
```
Pneumonia with
bradycardia
Epistaxis
Horder spots
Splenomegaly
Birds
```
Psittacosis-
| Chlamydophila psittaci
47
```
Pneumonia with
Bradycardia
Tender hepatomegaly
Endocarditis
Abnormal LFT
Farmers - birthing livestock
```
Q fever. -
| Coxiella burnetii
48
```
Pneumonia with
Bradycardia
Abd pain
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hematuria
Mental confusion
Abnormal LFT and renal tests
Increase in serum creatinine phosphokinase
```
Legionnaire's disease-
| Legionella pneumophila
