Bacteria, viruses, and fungi Flashcards by Tiffany Reid

Name the naked DNA families

PAPP
Parvo
Adeno
Papilloma
Polyoma

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Name the enveloped DNA families

HHP
Hepadna
Herpes
Pox

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Name all of the naked DNA viruses within each family

Parvo: B19
Adeno: adeno
Papilloma: HPV
Polyoma: JC, BK

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Name all of the enveloped DNA viruses within each family

Hepadna: HBV
Herpes: HSV 1, 2, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV 6, 8
Pox: smallpox, monkeypox, cowpox, molluscum contagiosum

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Name the naked RNA families

CHRP
Calici
Hep E
Reo
Picorna

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Name the enveloped RNA families

CRFT BADPROF
Corona
Retro
Flavi
Toga
Bunya
Arena
Paramyxo
Rhabdo
Orthomyxo
Filo

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Name the enveloped RNA viruses in each family of the icosahedrals

CRFT
Corona: corona, SARS
Retro: HIV, HTLV
Flavi: west Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, HCV, dengue, yellow fever
Toga: rubella, eastern equine, western equine

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Name the enveloped RNA viruses in each family of the helicals

Bunya: California encephalitis, Crimean Congo, hanta, Rift Valley/Sandfly
Arena: lassa, LCMV
Delta: HDV
Paramyxo: parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV
Rhabdo: rabies
Orthomyxo: influenza
Filo: Ebola, marburg

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Gram + 
Cocci
Clusters
Catalase +
Coagulase +
Mannitol fermenter 
Yellow colonies on blood agar
Black colonies on Tellurite-Glycine agar

Staphylococcus aureus

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Gram + 
Cocci
Clusters
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Does not ferment mannitol
White colonies on blood agar
Gamma hemolysis
Novobiocin sensitive

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Gram + 
Cocci
Clusters
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Slowly ferments mannitol
Novobiocin resistant

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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Gram +
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -
Alpha hemolytic (partial)
Lancet shaped
Mucoid on blood agar
Optochin sensitive (P disc)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Gram +
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -
Alpha hemolytic (partial)
Optochin resistant (P disc)

Viridans streptococcus

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Gram +
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -
Beta hemolytic (complete)
PYR + (pink/red)
Bacitracin sensitive (A disc)

Streptococcus pyogenes

Group A Streptococcus

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Gram +
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -
Beta hemolytic (complete)
CAMP test + w/S. aureus
Bacitracin resistant (A disc)

Streptococcus agalactiae

Group B Streptococcus

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Gram +
Cocci
Pairs or chains
Catalase -
Gamma hemolytic (non-hemolytic)

Anaerobic streptococcus

Enterococcus

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Gram +
Rod
Anaerobic
Spore former
Pseudomembrane

Clostridium difficile

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Gram +
Rod
Anaerobic
Spore former
Non-motile
Boxcar shaped
Opacity on egg yolk/Nager reaction

Clostridium perfringens

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Gram +
Rod
Anaerobic
Spore former
Tennis racquet shaped

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

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Gram +
Rod
Anaerobic
Ray fungus
Filamentous/branching
Molar tooth appearance
Non-acid fast
Bright yellow sulfur granules

Actinomyces

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Gram +
Rod
Anaerobic
Non toxigenic 
Acne

Propionibacterium

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Gram +
Rod-irregular
Aerobic 
Loeffler medium
Oxidase +
White on blood agar
Black on tellurite-blood agar
Non acid fast

Corynebacterium

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Gram +
Rod
Aerobic 
Non motile
Non fastidious
Non hemolytic
String of pearls
Medusa head
Spore former
Colonies stick together
Glutamyl polypeptide capsule - bicarbonate agar

Bacillus anthracis

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Gram + 
Rod
Aerobic 
Motile
Non fastidious
Beta hemolytic on sheep blood
Facultative
Spore former

Bacillus cereus

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``` Gram + Rod - coccobacilli Pairs Aerobic Catalase + CAMP + End over end motility Umbrella motility on agar Ubiquitous saprophyte ```

Listeria

``` Gram + Rod Aerobic Catalase - Motile Slow growth Pleomorphic ```

Erysipelothrix

``` Gram - Diplococci Chocolate agar only Fastidious Oxidase + ```

Neisseria

Gram - Diplococci Chocolate agar and blood agar

Moraxella

Gram - Rod Anaerobic Weakly staining

Bacteroides (Prevotella) and | Fusobacterium

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Fastidious Weakly staining BCYE Cysteine ```

Legionella

``` Gram - Rod- small Aerobic Fastidious Satellite phenomenon w/S. aureus ```

Haemophilus

``` Gram - Rod - small Aerobic Fastidious Regan-Lowe charcoal agar Dacron swabs ```

Bordetella

``` Gram - Rod - thin, curved, S shaped Aerobic Fastidious 42 Celsius growth w/abx Oxidase + ```

Campylobacter

``` Degenerate Rod No cell wall No gram staining NAAT test Inclusion bodies ```

Chlamydia | Chlamydophila

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Lactose fermenter Oxidase - Indole + ```

Escherichia

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Lactose fermenter Oxidase - Citrate + Urease + ```

Klebsiella

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Non lactose fermenter Oxidase - H2S producer ```

Salmonella

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Non lactose fermenter Oxidase - ```

Shigella

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Non lactose fermenter Oxidase - Urease + ```

Proteus

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Non lactose fermenter Safety pin appearance Fried egg colonies ```

Yersinia

``` Gram - Rod Aerobic Non Fastidious Non lactose fermenter Oxidase + Green color Grape like smell ```

Pseudomonas

``` Gram - Rod - curved Aerobic Non Fastidious Sucrose fermenter TCBS agar - yellow Oxidase + ```

Vibrio

``` Gram - Rod - curved Aerobic Non Fastidious Oxidase + Urease + Urea breath test ```

Helicobacter

Name all of the lactose fermenting bacteria

KnEE Klebsiella Escherichia Enterobacter

Name all of the oxidase + bacteria

``` PVNCH Pseudomonas Vibrio Neisseria Campylobacter Helicobacter ```

Name all of the urease + bacteria

PUNCH ``` Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Corynebacterium Helicobacter ```

What is the only bacteria that is both urease + and oxidase + ?

Helicobacter

1. What does a positive urease test look like? 2. Oxidase? 3. Lactose fermenting? 4. Catalase? 5. Mannitol fermenting?

1. Pink slant 2. Purple/dark color on dry slide 3. Red/purple 4. Hydrogen peroxide 5. Pink to yellow color change

What bacteria are catalase +

Staphylococcus

What bacteria are coagulase +

Staphylococcus aureus

What bacteria ferment mannitol

Staphylococcus aureus

Optochin | P disc

Resistant: viridans Streptococcus Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Bacitracin | A disc

Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae Sensitive: pyogenes

``` Gram - Rod Non fastidious Lactose fermenter Oxidase - Indole - ```

Enterobacter

What does a positive indole test look like?

Pink layer in test tube

``` Degenerate Rod No cell wall No gram stain Eaton's agar Mulberry or egg shape ```

Mycoplasma

``` Broad based budding yeast Thick walls Dimorphic (mold to yeast) Fresh water and soil Inhalation of conidia ```

Blastomyces dermatitidis | Can cause Pneumonia

Hyphae bifurcate at acute angles | Fungus ball

Aspergillus fumigatus

Dimorphic Spherules SW USA Inhalation of spores

Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii Can cause Pneumonia

``` Dimorphic Budding yeast Invasive septate hyphae Pseudohyphae in tissues Germ tube formation in serum Chlamydospores on corn meal agar ```

Candida albicans

``` Dimorphic Yeast in tissue Tuberculate macroconidia in culture Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio river valleys Soil with bird/bat fecal material ```

Histoplasma capsulatum

Yeast with black spot

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Asexual fruiting structure | Mycelium

Rhizopus | Mucor