Prime Factors Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 principle factors that affect xray quality and quantity?

A

Miliamperage per second (mAs)
Kilovoltage
Distance
They are under the direct control of the radiographer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is quantity?

A

-Measure of the number of xray photons in the useful beam
-aka output, intensity or exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is quantity prime controller ?

A

mAs and also affected by kVp,distance, and filration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is quality?

A

Measure the penetrating ability of the xray beam or distance it travels in matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High energy photons travel farther in…

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the prime controller of quality?

A

Kvp and also directly affected by filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does milliamperage per second (mAs) measure?

A

The xray tube current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the measure of the xray tube current?
(3)

A

-number of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode per second
-as mA increases, so does the number of electrons
-As time increases so does the number of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mA and time are both directly proportional to the number of electrons crossing the tube and…

A

directly proportional to the number of xray photons created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mAs x s = or
tube current x exposure time

A

mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

can adjust mA and time separately to result in

A

same xray exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IR exposure is assessed by reviewing numeric exposure value known as the…

A

Exposure Index (EI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exposure index does not indicate…

A

Patient dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Index range and values vary from vendor to vendor

A

ex) S#
EX#
EI#

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EI value must fall within a specified range

A

-any number over or under the range is an over or underexposed image
- May vary depending on the body part
-Some systems may be the inverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mAs is the prime controller of…

A

image receptor exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

There’s a direct proportional relationship between …

18
Q

As long as mAs is constant, any combo of mA and time will create…

A

the same IR exposure

19
Q

Increasing the kVp will cause an increase in…

A

the speed and energy of the electrons applied across the tube

20
Q

As kVp increases so does…

A

the number of electrons interactions at the target (quantity)

21
Q

15% increase in kVp=

A

double number of photons

22
Q

Double kVp=

A

number of photons increases about 4 times

23
Q

Greater photon energy=

A

more penetrability

24
Q

kVp affects both…

A

quality and quantity of xray beam

25
An increase in kVp causes an increase in penetrability and decreases...
in image contrast
26
Contrast is..
A characteristic of image quality; visibility of detail or different between IR exposure levels
27
Contrast helps with the ability...
to distinguish the differences between tissues or structure
28
A primary beam with higher kV will result in an overall...
rise in penetration through tissues and will result in lower contrast radiograph or longer scale of contrast (more shades of grey)
29
What is the 15% rule?
an increase or decrease in kVp by 15% which will cause a doubling or halving mAs
30
kVp should not be used to control....
the IR exposure
31
At a lower kVp...
more radiation is absorbed by the patient
32
Higher kVp and lower mAs will reduce..
patient dose but at the expense of contrast
33
The intensity of the x-rays vary....
greatly with distance
34
What is inverse square law?
doubling of distance increases the area 4x's which decreases the intensity by 1/4
35
Intensity is measure in?
Roentgen (R)
36
Increasing distance causes...
a decrease of exposure
37
When do we use Direct Sqaure Law?
to compensate for IR exposure changes when distance changes must be made
38
Setting the appropriate mAs, kvp, and distance is the responsibility of..
the radiographer
39
The radiographer should select the kvp based on...
the desired contrast
40
The radiographer should adjust...
mAs to provide the appropriate total exposure to the receptor
41
Distance is generally set based on the desired beam geometry
A distance is selected based on the procedure