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Pre Exposure > Basic Of Radiation Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Basic Of Radiation Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

EMR IN ORDER
Most ENERGETIC to LEAST

A

1) XRays/Gamma rays
2)Ultraviolet
3)Visible light
4)Infrared
5)Microwaves
6)Radio wave

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2
Q

What is Radiation?

A

Transfer or energy
Energy that is emitted and transferred through space

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3
Q

What is Exposed (irradiated)?

A

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs all or some of it

(Does not necessarily mean harm or injury)

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4
Q

What is ionizing radiation or ionization?

A

Removal of an electron from an atom

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5
Q

What are forms of EMR that can ionize matter?

A

X-rays
Gamma rays
High energy UV (UVC)

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6
Q

UV-C light is too…

A

short to go past our ozone layer

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7
Q

What are two main categories of ionizing radiation?

A

Natural Environment and Man-made

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8
Q

Types of Natural Radiation

A

-Cosmic radiation
-Terrestrial Radiation
-Internally Deposited Radionuclides

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9
Q

What is cosmic radiation?

A

EMR emitted from the sun and stars
-The intensity increases with altitude and latitude when closer to equator

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10
Q

What is terrestrial radiation?

A

Its radiation that comes from the earth
-Has deposits of Uranium, Thorium, and other radionuclides

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11
Q

What is the largest source of natural radiation?

A

Radon

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12
Q

What is internally deposited radionuclides?

A

they are radionuclides that are incorporated into the body through ingestion, inhalation, injection, implants.

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13
Q

What is the main source of internally deposited radionuclides?

A

Potassium 40 which is found in food, water, and soil

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14
Q

How is radon produced?

A

Gas produced by natural decay of uranium

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15
Q

Types of man-made radiation

A

-X rays
-Nuclear power generators
-Exit signs
-Smoke detectors

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16
Q

When was the discovery of x-rays?

A

November 8, 1895

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17
Q

Who was the person who discovered xrays?

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

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18
Q

Examples of reports of early radiation

A

-Skin damage
-Loss of hair
-Anemia
Later effects
Blood disorders

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19
Q

What is a filter or filtration?

A

A device that removes low energy x ray photons that have no diagnostic value and don’t contribute to image quality

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20
Q

What is collimation/collimator?

A

Its a radiation safety device underneath the xray tube where the radiation is being directed

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21
Q

Types of shielding

A

Protective apparel
Gonadal Shields
Protective barriers
They are made with lead material

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22
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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23
Q

What’s the purpose of ALARA?

A

Its a radiation safety principle
-to reduce radiation dose
-release radioactive material by using reasonable methods

24
Q

What are the cardinal principles of radiation protection

A

Minimize time
Maximize shield
Maximize distance

25
Q

What are iso exposure lines?

A

Represents positions of equal radiation exposure in a fluoroscopy room at waist height

26
Q

What is a OSL dosimeters?

A

Optically Stimulated Luminescence
They are monitors for accumulated dose for radiation

27
Q

Ways to reduce unnecessary patient dose

A

-Unnecessary examinations
-If they had pervious x rays for the body part
-Emergency room CT
-Mass screening for Tuberculosis

28
Q

What is the severity of the potential response of an unborn baby to radiation?

A

Time and dose

29
Q

Pregnancy
what happens in 2-10 weeks ?

A

Most sensitive to radiation exposure
Major organogenesis

30
Q

What happens in the 2-3 trimesters?

A

Can have a response to malignant disease during childhood

31
Q

How can you reduce the chances of exposing a pregnant patient?

A

-Elective booking (Patient’s choice)
-Patient Questionary
-Posting

32
Q

What is today’s average patient radiation dose?

A

3.2 mSv

33
Q

Why is today’s average patient radiation dose 3.2 mSv?

A

Public demand
Using to much CT
Physican ownership

34
Q

What are ways to reduce occupational radiation exposure?

A

Minimize xray beam on time (Fluoroscopy)
Maximize distance and shielding

35
Q

Where does the 95% of occupational exposure comes from?

A

Mobile and fluoroscopy

36
Q

What is KERMA?

A

Kinetic Energy Released per Unit of Mass of Air

37
Q

What does KERMA measure?

A

The radiation intensity in the air

38
Q

What is KERMA’s SI unit?

A

mGya or Gya

39
Q

What is Roentgen?

A

KERMA

39
Q

What does absorbed dose measure?

A

the calculation of dose in a living tissue.
How much was absorbed in the skin?

39
Q

What is the SI unite for Absorbed dose (RAD)

A

mGyt or Gyt

40
Q

What is absorbed dose?

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD)

41
Q

What is Sievert?

A

Radiation Equivalent Man (REM or mREM)

42
Q

What is the SI unite for Sievert?

A

SV

43
Q

What does sievert measure?

A

The biological damage in the human body
-Quantity of radiation received

44
Q

What is Becquerel?

A

The unit of the quantity of radioactive material not the radiation emitted
-Nothing to do w/ xrays

45
Q

What is Becquerel unit?

A

Bq or Curie

46
Q

What is the current level of human radiation exposure for natural?

A

3 mSv

47
Q

What is the current level of human radiation exposure for medical imaging?

A

3.2 mSv

48
Q

What is the current level for human radiation exposure for Man made?

A

0.1 mSv

49
Q

What is the total estimate of human radiation exposure?

A

6.3 mSv

50
Q

Going from rems to mrem you are going to…

A

Multiply by 1,000

51
Q

Going from mrem to rems you are going to…

A

Divide by 1,000

52
Q

Going from rems to Sv you are going to…

A

Multiply by .01

53
Q

Going from Sv to rems you are going to…

A

Divide by .01

Pre Exposure (10 decks)

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