Primary Sources Sessions 1-8

Question 1

“The White Man’s Burden”

Answer 1

• 1899
• Rudyard Kipling
• American colonization of the Philippines
• “moral duty” or obligation to rule over & encourage cultural development

Question 2

“Speech to the North German Regatta Association”

Answer 2

• 1901
• Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
• “conquered for ourselves a place in the sun”
• wants more land for Germany as other countries have
• planned to develop both industry & agric.

Question 3

“The Benefits of British Rule”

Answer 3

• 1871
• Dadabhai Naoroji
  benefits & detriments
• increase in exports, education, loans for transportation
• breach of pledges to give the natives a fair & reasonable share
• morally a blessing, “knife of sugar,” misfortune - you do not know our wants

Question 4

“On French Colonial Expansion”

Answer 4

• March 28, 1884
• Jules Ferry
• Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies
• “it is a right for the superior races, because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize the inferior races.”
• economic exploitation
• March 28, 1884
• “it is a right for the superior races, because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize the inferior races.”
• economic exploitation

Question 5

Canadian Expeditionary Force: Selections from My Daily Journal

Answer 5

• 1915-1916
• Private Donald Fraser
• captured the life of a solider in WWI, represents the common’s soldiers perspective - social tension (British aristocratic traditions)

Question 6

The Fourteen Points

Answer 6

• 1918
• Woodrow Wilson
• declared that WWI was being fought for a moral cause
• asking for postwar peace in Europe
• Established the “Wilsonian” idealist thinking
• welcomed, but main Allied powers were skeptical ( France, Italy, & GB)

Question 7

Briand- Kellogg Pact

Answer 7

• 1928
• sponsored by France & the US
• strong influence on international law
• international agreement to not use war to resolve “disputes or conflicts”
• fail to abide, forfeit the benefits of the treaty

Question 8

On National Socialism & World Relations

Answer 8

• 1937
• Adolf Hitler
• Challenged Versailles
• Describes communism as a “parasite” “illness” - dehumanize the enemy
• legitimizes his actions through comparison to Spain
• superiority of German people - need to protect

Question 9

The Quarantine Speech

Answer 9

• 1937
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• calls for “quarantine of the aggressor nations”
• can no longer be neutral - “no escape through mere isolation”
• put on economic pressure
• peace, “America hates war”

Question 10

The Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact

Answer 10

• Aug 1939
• treaty of non-aggression btwn Germany and the Soviet Union
• neither would ally/aid an enemy of the other
• Broken by Germany invading SU in 1941

Question 11

The Atlantic Charter

Answer 11

• Aug 1941
• defined the Allied goals for the post-war world
• Drafted by US & Britain
• no unfavorable territorial changes, reduction of trade restrictions, secure better social/economic conditions, freedom of the seas
• disarmament of aggressor nations

Question 12

Yalta conference

Answer 12

• Feb 1945
• texts of the agreements
• US, UK, and SU to discuss Europe’s post-war reorganization
• agreed upon the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, undergo demilitarization, denazification
• French zone of occupation

Question 13

“Hiroshima”

Answer 13

• 1946
• John Hershey
• The New Yorker
• focuses on six witness accounts on the nuclear explosion, few had yet understood the true destruction of the bomb

Question 14

The Long Telegram

Answer 14

• Feb 1946
• George Kennan
• reply to the US Tresury Dept
• dealing with Soviet Communism - “undoubtedly greatest task our diplomacy has ever faced”
• foundation of American Cold War policy
• SU didn’t see the possibility for long-term peaceful co-existence w/ the capital world
• perpetual war with capitalism - not representative of Russian people

Question 15

The Novikov Telegram

Answer 15

• Sept. 1946
• a reaction to Kennan’s Long Telegram
• sent to Moscow by Soviet Ambassador in Wash

Question 16

“You and the Atom Bomb”

Answer 16

• George Orwell
• Tribune, Oct. 1945
• “permanent state of ‘cold war’
• social & political implications of the bomb
• “indefinitely a ‘peace that is not peace’

Question 17

Final Communique of the Bandung Conference

Answer 17

• Apr. 1955
• first large scale meeting of Asian & African states
• many newly independent
• underscored the need for developing countries to loosen their economic dependence on leading industrialized nations
• instead helping one another

Question 18

The Stages of Economic Growth

Answer 18

• 1960
• W.W. Rostow
• Five basic stages
• traditional, pre-take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, & age of high mass consumption
• beyond consumption - baby boom

Question 19

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

Answer 19

• UN General Assembly
• Dec. 1960
• process of decolonization
• 89 countries in favor
• “right to self-determination”
• “reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights”

Question 20

The North Atlantic Treaty

Answer 20

• signed 4/4, 1949
• established NATO
• collective defense
• 12 founding countries, 16 joined later
• Article 5 - “an armed attack against one… considered an attack against them all”
• only evoked once -9/11/01
• created w/ an armed attack by the SU against Western Europe in mind

Question 21

Brandt Ostpolitik

Answer 21

• refers to the normalization of relations btwn FRG (West Germany) & Eastern Europe, especially GDR (East Germany) beginning in 1969
• Written 1971
• ## Brandt - chancellor of the FRG

Question 22

Year of Europe

Answer 22

• 1973
• Henry Kissinger
• “the era that was shaped by decisions of a generation ago is ending”
• center of change for the future
• Diplomacy, defense, economic

Question 23

President Kennedy at Independence Hall

Answer 23

• 4 July 1962

- transatlantic link btwn the US & a free, democratic Europe to be strengthened

Question 24

Memorandum to President Roosevelt

Answer 24

• Niels Bohr
• July 1944
• attempt to change FDR & Churchill’s stance on sharing nuclear information
• must prepare for nuclear future

Question 25

General Advisory’s Committee’s Majority & Minority Reports on Building the H-Bomb

Answer 25

• Oct. 30, 1949
• USSR tested its first A-bomb (Aug 1949)
• Wash D.C.
• Both US & USSR have retaliation ability

Question 26

“Mutual Deterrence” Speech

Answer 26

• Sect. of Defense Robert McNamara
• San Fran, Sept. 18, 1967
• if the Soviets knew that attacking the US would guarantee the equivalent destruction of the USSR, Soviets would be unlikely to attack