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Semester 5 FSNM Exam 1 > Primary Motor Areas > Flashcards

Primary Motor Areas Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located

A

Behind the central sulcus

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2
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located

A

in front of the primary motor cortex

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3
Q

What is in front of the MI

A

Premotor area and the supplementary motor area

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4
Q

Motor control is ___

A

distributed! It is not just one area!!! It is distributed across many areas

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5
Q

Cerebral cortical contributions to behavior (in relation to motor bx) includes

A

1 Fractionation
2 Speed, agility, accuracy, adaptability to goal - directed motor bx
3 Refined motor learning and enhanced motor performance in skilled tasks

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6
Q

What tract - fractionation

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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7
Q

UMN - cell bodies where

A

cortex or brainstem

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8
Q

UMN - cell bodies in cortex - axons project to

A

LMN/IN in spinal cord

or Brainstem LMN

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9
Q

UMN - cell bodies in brainstem - axons project to

A

LMN in spinal cord

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10
Q

UMNs are classified how

A

according to where they travel/end up in the spinal cord - medial vs. lateral
NEVER send axons directly to peripheral nerve

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11
Q

LMN - cell bodies where

A

in spinal cord or brainstem

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12
Q

LMN - axons synapse where

A

directly on mm fiber (ventral root of peripheral nerve)

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13
Q

Two types of LMN

A

alpha and gamma

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14
Q

Alpha LMN cell bodies in

A

ventral horn SC, extrafusal mm, large cell bodies, myelinated axons

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15
Q

Gamma LMN cell bodies in

A

Ventral horn SC, intrafusal, smaller

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16
Q

Alpha-gamma coactivation

A

crucial for normal mm spindle function

Keeps the mm spindle ready to sense stretch at any moment in time

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17
Q

MN pools =

A

Group of LMNs in the ventral horn, axons project to a single muscle

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18
Q

Medial pools project to

A

Proximal mm

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19
Q

Lateral pools project to

A

Distal mm

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20
Q

Anterior pools project to

A

Extensors

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21
Q

Posterior pools project to

A

Flexors

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22
Q

UMN tracts for posture

A 
MEDIAL
1 Tectospinal
2 Medial corticospinal 
3 Medial reticulospinal
4 Medial/Lateral vestibulospinal
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23
Q

Tectospinal tract starts where

A

Midbrain (sup colliculus)

24
Q

Function of tectospinal tract

A

Mvmnt of head towards sound of moving objects

25
Q

Medial corticospinal tract starts

A

cortex SMA, PMA, MI

26
Q

Medial corticospinal tract function

A

COntrol of neck, shld, trunk, anticipatory postural adjustment

27
Q

Medial Reticulospinal tract start

A

pons (reticular formation)

28
Q

Medial reticulospinal tract function

A

postural mm, limb extensors, APAs

29
Q

Medial/Lateral vestibulospinal start

A

medulla and pons (vestibular nuclei)

30
Q

Medial/lateral vestibulospinal goal

A

med - bilaterally to neck and upper back

lat - extensors (anti gravity)

31
Q

UMN tracts for fast, goal directed movement

A

LATERAL
1 LCST
2 Rubrospinal
3 lateral reticulospinal

32
Q

LCST - start

A

cortex SMA, PMA, MI

33
Q

LCST - function

A

contralateral, fractionation of mvmnt

Hand mvmnt**

34
Q

Rubrospinal tract - start

A

Midbrain (red nucleus)

35
Q

Rubrospinal tract - function

A

contralateral UE, gross movement

36
Q

Lateral reticulospinal - start

A

medualle in reticular formation

37
Q

Lateral reticulospinal - function

A

facilitates flexors and inhibits extensors

38
Q

Premotor cortex - function

A

involved in planning of visually guided movement - catching a ball

39
Q

Supplementary motor area - function

A

involved in planning of bimanual, sequential, more motivated mvmnts, getting up from chair to walk to door

40
Q

MI gets input from

A 
SMA
Premotor
Primary somatosensory cortex
Post parietal cortex
Basal ganglia and Cerebellum via thalamus
41
Q

MI project to

A

brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia

42
Q

__% of LCST axons originate in MI

Synapse where

A

40

Ventral horn

43
Q

Corticomotoneurons

A

Monosynaptic projectiosn from layer 5 to spinal motor neurons, and Ia inhibitory interneurons - IMPORTANT FOR FRACTIONATION

44
Q

MI sends a copy to where

A

efferent copy to cerebellum of what is going to happen

45
Q

Layer 5 of the motor cortex - cells

A

pyramidal cells
this is why the tracts can be called pyramidal
These neurons send their axons down and out!

46
Q

Results of study with visual stimulus and trained/learned MI, Premotor, SMA

A

MI - fired both from visual and trained
PM - only with visually cued sequence
SMA - only with trained or learned sequence

47
Q

PMA - gets a lot of input from where

A

posterior parietal cortex!, prefrontal cortex

48
Q

SMA gets a lot of input from where

A

Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia

49
Q

PMA vs. SMA

which is visually guided and which is internally generated

A

PMA - complex and elegant reaching/grasping system, visually guided movement
SMA - tuned to intention - selecting and executing actions deemed appropriate or withholding actions

50
Q

Where are mirror neurons

A

PMA

51
Q

PPC - integrates what

A

vision with somatosensory

52
Q

PMA - signaling to motor cortex says

A

here is the object, here is the direction and then projects to hand/arm areas of the MI

53
Q

Evidence for mirror neurons

A

Monkey study that shouwed activation when watched another monkey but also when watched a hum

54
Q

Precision grip/Power grip study

A

Motor cortex - there is not just a single motor neuron to mm connection
Motor cortex represents functional tasks - not specific mm

55
Q

Motor cortex codes for

A

direction and force

does so from an emerged property of many cells together - this is why horizontal connections are so important

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 1 (6 decks)

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