Primary Hypogonadism

Question 1

what is affected in this condition?

Answer 1

testes

Question 2

what does this cause in the testes?

Answer 2

reduced testosterone secretion

Question 3

diagnosis

Answer 3

low testosterone
high FSH/LH
hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism

Question 4

what process if more affected in primary hypogonadism?

Answer 4

spermatogenesis is more affected than testosterone

Question 5

congenital causes

Answer 5

Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
Y chromosome microdeletions

Question 6

acquired causes

Answer 6

trauma/torsion
chemotherapy
radiation
varicocele (enlarged veins going into the scrotum)
orchitis (mumps infection)
infiltrative disease (haemochromatosis)
medications e.g. glucocorticoids and ketoconazole

Question 7

cause of Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 7

non-disjunction not inherited (division of gamates is unequal 47XXY, 46XY/47XXY)

Question 8

diagnosis of Klinefelter’s

Answer 8

karyotyping

Question 9

presentation of Klinefelters

Answer 9

infertility due to tubular damage
small, firm testes
frontal baldness absent and poor beard growth with female pubic hair pattern
narrow shoulders and wide hips
long arms and legs
breast development and few chest hairs

Question 10

what does Klinefelter’s have an increased incidence of?

Answer 10

cryptorchidism
learning disabilities
psychosocial issues
breast cancer
blood cancer (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)