Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

E-lfh FRCA Primary: Physiology - Respiratory Physiology > Primary FRCA Course Resp Physiology Exam Prep Questions > Flashcards

Primary FRCA Course Resp Physiology Exam Prep Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The functional residual capacity

is increased in the obese

A

False. Common causes of reduced FRC include general anaesthesia, abdominal masses (inc pregnancy and obesity), supine position and in children or the elderly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The functional residual capacity

is approximately 10 per cent higher in men than in women

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The functional residual capacity

falls with general anaesthesia

A

True. Common causes of reduced FRC include general anaesthesia, abdominal masses (inc pregnancy and obesity), supine position and in children or the elderly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The functional residual capacity

increases on changing from the supine to the standing position

A

True. Common causes of reduced FRC include general anaesthesia, abdominal masses (inc pregnancy and obesity), supine position and in children or the elderly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The functional residual capacity

falls with increasing age

A

False. Common causes of reduced FRC include general anaesthesia, abdominal masses (inc pregnancy and obesity), supine position and in children or the elderly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vital capacity

is the volume of air expired from full inspiration to full expiration

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vital capacity

increases gradually with age in adults

A

False. VC decreases with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vital capacity

is greater in men than in women of similar age and height

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vital capacity

is equal to the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes

A

False. This would not include tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vital capacity

may be measured by spirometry

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Closing capacity

is larger than functional reserve capacity

A

False. When closing capacity is greater than FRC, small airways closure occurs during normal tidal breathing. This can occur, but is by no means normally the case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Closing capacity

may be determined by single breath N2 curve following a deep breath of oxygen

A

False. This method determines closing volume. Residual volumes would need to be added to calculate closing capacity. Fowler’s method (multiple breath N2 curve) can do this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Closing capacity

is high in young children and decreases progressively with advancing age

A

False. It is low in infancy and increases with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Closing capacity

if high, may be responsible for arterial hypoxaemia

A

True. Due to shunt caused by small airways closure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Closing capacity

is unaffected by bronchomotor tone

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Closing volume

increases with age

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Closing volume

decreases during anaesthesia

A

True. This offers a degree of protection against the drop in FRC seen. Once FRC reaches Closing Capacity (the sum of Closing Volume and Residual Volume) small airways closure begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Closing volume

is increased in the upright position

A

False. It increases in the supine position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Closing volume

is decreased in obesity

A

False. It increases in obesity, compounding the problem of reduced FRC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Closing volume

can be measured by a single breath nitrogen technique

A

True. Unlike closing capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FRC can be measured using

Helium wash-in

A

True. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in. Spirometry will measure all lung volumes except FRC, residual volume and TLC. Intra-oesophageal balloons are used to measure intra-pleural pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

FRC can be measured using

Nitrogen wash-out

A

True. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in. Spirometry will measure all lung volumes except FRC, residual volume and TLC. Intra-oesophageal balloons are used to measure intra-pleural pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FRC can be measured using

Body plethysmography

A

True. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in. Spirometry will measure all lung volumes except FRC, residual volume and TLC. Intra-oesophageal balloons are used to measure intra-pleural pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FRC can be measured using

Spirometry

A

False. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in. Spirometry will measure all lung volumes except FRC, residual volume and TLC. Intra-oesophageal balloons are used to measure intra-pleural pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
FRC can be measured using Intra-oesophageal balloon
False. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in. Spirometry will measure all lung volumes except FRC, residual volume and TLC. Intra-oesophageal balloons are used to measure intra-pleural pressure.
26
The following are required to calculate the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/QT) FiO2
True. This appears in the alveolar gas equation. To calculate the end capillary oxygen content, PAO2 is assumed to be equal to, and substituted into, the oxygen content equation in place of PcO2. PAO2 is calculated using the alvealor gas equation.
27
The following are required to calculate the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/QT) Cardiac output
False. Cardiac output (QT) is part of the Shunt Fraction. If you were calculating QS alone you would need to know QT
28
The following are required to calculate the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/QT) PaCO2
True. This is taken as being equal to PACO2 (which appears in the alveolar gas equation). To calculate the end capillary oxygen content, PAO2 is assumed to be equal to, and substituted into, the oxygen content equation in place of PcO2. PAO2 is calculated using the alvealor gas equation.
29
The following are required to calculate the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/QT) arterial O2 content
True. This appears directly in the shunt equation
30
The following are required to calculate the pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/QT) mixed venous O2 content
True. This appears directly in the shunt equation
31
Surfactant is a mucopolypeptide
False. It is a phoshpholipid
32
Surfactant causes a decrease in surface tension
True.
33
Surfactant equilibrates surface tension for different sized alveoli
False. It equilibrates alveolar pressure by differentially reducing surface tension more in small alveoli.
34
Surfactant causes an increase in compliance
True.
35
Surfactant production is reduced after a prolonged reduction in pulmonary blood flow
True. It it synthesised from free fatty acids, extracted from the blood.
36
Pulmonary Surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and proteins
True.
37
Pulmonary Surfactant causes an increase in chest wall compliance
False. It does not affect the chest wall
38
Pulmonary Surfactant prevents transudation of fluid from the blood into the alveoli
True. High surfance tension would tend to draw fluid into the alveoli
39
Pulmonary Surfactant deficiencies in babies born to diabetic mothers is due to fetal hyperinsulinism
True.
40
Pulmonary Surfactant concentration per unit area is directly proportional to surface tension
False. It is indirectly proportional
41
Alveolar - arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO2 is normally 2-3 kPa while breathing room air
True
42
Alveolar - arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO2 is increased under anaesthesia due to increased V/Q mismatch
True. The major causes of and increased A-a difference are Shunt / low V/Q ratio and diffusion defects.
43
Alveolar - arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO2 is decreased in one lung ventilation
False. Due to large shunt created. The major causes of and increased A-a difference are Shunt / low V/Q ratio and diffusion defects.
44
Alveolar - arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO2 is increased in the presence of right to left intracardiac shunts
True. These represent true shunts. The major causes of and increased A-a difference are Shunt / low V/Q ratio and diffusion defects.
45
Alveolar - arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO2 is decreased in severe exercise
False. The A-a difference widens at high intensity levels of exercise. The major causes of and increased A-a difference are Shunt / low V/Q ratio and diffusion defects.
46
PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient is up to 0.7 kPa in patients wihout significant disease
True.
47
PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient increases in venous air embolism
True. The PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient increases with any cause of increased dead space.
48
PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient is greater in high frequency ventilation
True.
49
PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient is greater in high V/Q areas of the lungs
True. The PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient increases with any cause of increased dead space.
50
PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient is greater in patients with poor cardiac output
True. The PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient increases with any cause of increased dead space.
51
When the ventilation/perfusion ratio of a lung unit increases the alveolar PO2 rises
True. Alveolar PO2 will tend towards inspired PO2 in areas of dead space
52
When the ventilation/perfusion ratio of a lung unit increases the alveolar CO2 rises
False. Alveolar CO2 falls in areas of dead space
53
When the ventilation/perfusion ratio of a lung unit increases end capillary PO2 increases
True. Due to the increased alveolar PO2
54
When the ventilation/perfusion ratio of a lung unit increases arterial PO2 increases
True. Contrary to intuition, this is true, although the cause of dead space in one lung unit may cause shunt in another with the net effect being hypoxia, such as seen after a PE
55
When the ventilation/perfusion ratio of a lung unit increases hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction will compensate for any change in gas exchange
False. It will provide a degree of compensation only
56
The distribution of ventilation of an upright subject is related to regional airways diameters
True. At normal lung volumes, the intrapleural pressure is greater (less negative) in the dependent part of the lung (this greater pressure provides support to the weight of lung suspended above it). This gareter pressure results in the lung being at lower volume in the dependent parts. Although lung volume is lower in the non-dependent parts, ventilation is greater as it sits on the steep part of the compliance curve.
57
The distribution of ventilation of an upright subject is related to regional differences in compliance
True. At normal lung volumes, the intrapleural pressure is greater (less negative) in the dependent part of the lung (this greater pressure provides support to the weight of lung suspended above it). This gareter pressure results in the lung being at lower volume in the dependent parts. Although lung volume is lower in the non-dependent parts, ventilation is greater as it sits on the steep part of the compliance curve.
58
The distribution of ventilation of an upright subject is related to inspired oxygen concentration
False. This is not related to ventilation.
59
The distribution of ventilation of an upright subject is related to gravitational forces on the lung
True. At normal lung volumes, the intrapleural pressure is greater (less negative) in the dependent part of the lung (this greater pressure provides support to the weight of lung suspended above it). This gareter pressure results in the lung being at lower volume in the dependent parts. Although lung volume is lower in the non-dependent parts, ventilation is greater as it sits on the steep part of the compliance curve.
60
The distribution of ventilation of an upright subject is related to intrathoracic pressure
True. At normal lung volumes, the intrapleural pressure is greater (less negative) in the dependent part of the lung (this greater pressure provides support to the weight of lung suspended above it). This gareter pressure results in the lung being at lower volume in the dependent parts. Although lung volume is lower in the non-dependent parts, ventilation is greater as it sits on the steep part of the compliance curve.
61
In an awake, healthy individual in the lateral position, the: dependent lung has less ventilation
False. The dependent (lower) lung will have better ventilation due to falling on the steeper part of the compliance curve.
62
In an awake, healthy individual in the lateral position, the: dependent lung has more perfusion
True
63
In an awake, healthy individual in the lateral position, the: V/Q ratio is higher in the dependent lung
False. The dependent lung will have a small degree of shunt (low V/Q ratio) whilst the non-dependent lung will have a degree of dead space (high V/Q).
64
In an awake, healthy individual in the lateral position, the: PAO2 is higher in the lower lung
False. The degree of shunt will lower PAO2 and raise PACO2.
65
In an awake, healthy individual in the lateral position, the: PACO2 is lower in the lower lung
False. The degree of shunt will lower PAO2 and raise PACO2
66
The following vessels are important in physiological shunt bronchial veins
True.
67
The following vessels are important in physiological shunt thebesian veins
True. drain into the left ventricle
68
The following vessels are important in physiological shunt coronary sinus
False. drains into the right atrium
69
The following vessels are important in physiological shunt ductus venosus
False.
70
The following vessels are important in physiological shunt azygos veins
False. drain into the superior vena cava
71
An area in the lung with increased V/Q ratio: represents dead space
True.
72
An area in the lung with increased V/Q ratio: represents shunt
False.
73
An area in the lung with increased V/Q ratio: is responsible for a decrease in the PAO2 with no change in PACO2
False. PAO2 increases, whilst PACO2 decreases
74
An area in the lung with increased V/Q ratio: will cause a degree of hypoxia
False. Dead space per se, is not a cause of hypoxia. It may result in hypoxia if as a result blood is shunted elsewhere with a low V/Q, but this is not a direct result.
75
An area in the lung with increased V/Q ratio: may be compensated for by an increased minute ventilation
True. Dead space reduces CO2 excretion, hence the increased PaCO2 - EtCO2 gradient. This may be compensated for by increasing minute ventilation, although the cause of dead space would be better addressed
76
A pressure-volume curve can be used for measuring the work of breathing
True. Using the area under the curve
77
A pressure-volume curve can be used for measuring functional residual capacity
False. The three methods of measuring FRC are plethysmography, nitrogen wash-out and helium wash-in
78
A pressure-volume curve can be used for measuring anatomical dead space
False. Anatomical dead space measured using the Fowler method (nitrogen wash-out)
79
A pressure-volume curve can be used for measuring compliance
True.
80
A pressure-volume curve can be used for measuring respiratory quotient
False.
81
Lung compliance is normally 0.2 L/cm H2O
True.
82
Lung compliance is decreased with loss of pulmonary surfactant
True.
83
Lung compliance is increased in emphysema
True. Due a reduced elastic recoil that naturally resists alveoalar inflation
84
Lung compliance is decreased after induction of general anaesthesia
True. Due to the reduced FRC, the lung sits on the flatter part of the compliance curve
84
Lung compliance is different at the apices and bases of lungs
True. Compliance (and hence ventilation) is greater in the dependent part of the lung.
85
A body plethysmograph can be used to measure Compliance
True. A body plethysmograph and an oesophageal balloon may be used to measure intrapleural pressure. Measurements of pressure and volume may then be plotted against one another to give pressure: volume compliance loop.
86
A body plethysmograph can be used to measure Work of breathing
True. A body plethysmograph and an oesophageal balloon may be used to measure intrapleural pressure. Measurements of pressure and volume may then be plotted against one another to give pressure: volume compliance loop.
87
A body plethysmograph can be used to measure Gas exhange
False.
88
A body plethysmograph can be used to measure Airway resistance
True. A body plethysmograph and an oesophageal balloon may be used to measure intrapleural pressure. Measurements of pressure and volume may then be plotted against one another to give pressure: volume compliance loop.
89
A body plethysmograph can be used to measure FEV1
False.
90
Concerning lung volumes and capacities The total volume of both lungs is the vital capacity
False. This is the total lung capacity
91
Concerning lung volumes and capacities Closing capacity is the sum of the closing volume and the functional residual capacity
False. Closing capacity is the sum of the closing volume and the residual volume
92
Concerning lung volumes and capacities The volume which may be forcibly exhaled in 1 sec is greater than 85 per cent of the vital capacity
False. This is the FEV1, which is approximately 75-85 per cent of the vital capacity
93
Concerning lung volumes and capacities The functional residual capacity can be measured with the spirometer
False. FRC, RV and TLC cannot be measured by spirometry.
94
Concerning lung volumes and capacities The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume and the expiratory reserve volume is the vital capacity
False. Tidal volume would also be required.
95
Alveolar dead space exceeds tidal volume at rest
False. Dead space is in the region of 2 mls/kg, whilst tidal volume is around 5-7 mls/kg
96
Alveolar ventilation decreases as tidal volume increases
False.
97
Alveolar partial pressure of water vapour exceeds that of carbon dioxide
True. Partial pressure of water vapour in the alveoli is around 6.3 kPa
98
Alveolar partial pressure of oxygen falls within an increase in physiological dead space
False.
99
Alveolar oxygen uptake exceeds alveolar carbon dioxide output
True

E-lfh FRCA Primary: Physiology - Respiratory Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions