Primary Dentition (complete) Flashcards
Using the universal naming system what are the tooth numbers for the four 2nd molars in the primary dentition
A, J, K, T
AJ = boys name
KT = girls name
Using the universal naming system what are the tooth numbers for the four canines in the primary dentition
C, H, M, R
CH = C&H sugar
MR = Mister
What are the functions of the primary dentition
- Chewing
- Enable kids to take in their own nutrients
- support lips and cheeks
- allow for formulation of speech sounds
- MAINTAIN ARCH SPACE AND ROOM FOR PERMANENT TEETH
- Provide a pathway and guiding surface for the eruption of permanent dentition
How does the arch shape for the primary dentition compare to the arch shape of the permanent dentition
the arch in the primary dentition is more rounded
What influences the arch shape and size
- how the teeth are shaped
2. shape and size of the underlying bone
How do the primary anterior teeth compare and resemble the permanent anterior teeth
They generally resemble the permanent teeth, but they are smaller
what does the primary 1st maxillarymolar look like when comparing it to the permanent dentition
it resembles a permanent maxillary premolar
What do the primary 2nd molars look like when comparing it to the permanent dentition
they look like the first molars of the same arch
Which primary tooth doesn’t resemble an other tooth
the 1st mandibular molar (primary)
What did Dr. Densley say the primary first mandibular molar kind of looks like
half premolar, half molar
In general how does the size of primary teeth compare to the permanent teeth
They are usually smaller except for the primary molars are larger than the permanent premolars that replace them
how does the whiteness of the primary teeth compare to the whiteness of the permanent teeth
primary teeth are whiter than the permanent teeth
how does thickness of enamel compare between primary teeth and permanent teeth
the enamel is 1/2 as thick on primary teeth as it is on permanent teeth
What is significant about the 1/2 as thick enamel on primary teeth as compared to the thickness of enamel on permanent teeth
decay spreads faster on the primary tooth with 1/2 as thick enamel.
What allows the permanent posterior teeth to shift slightly mesial while they are erupting
the fact that the primary molars are wider than the permanent premolars that succeed them
what is the late mesial shift
when permanent posterior teeth shift slightly mesial while they are erupting. This is possible due to the fact that the primary molars are wider than the permanent premolars that succeed them
Which teeth begin to calcify at birth
permanent first molars
What are the noticable differences between primary crowns and permanent crowns
- They are smaller and more bulbous
- they are bell shaped (due to greater cervical constriction)
- incline lingually as you move occlusally
- have the buccal bulge (buccogingival ridge)
- broad flat proximal contacts
- narrow occlusal surfaces
How does the bell shape and buccal bulge have a clinical significance
they can both be used to help retain stainless steel crowns
What shape are the primary maxillary central incisors
shovel shaped
what shape are the primary mandibular incisors (all 4) and the primary maxillary lateral incisors
chisel shaped (more slender and smaller than the primary maxillary central incisors)
incisocervically the primary anterior teeth have the appearance of being _______
compressed
How does the pulp of primary teeth compare to the pulp of permanent teeth
they are proportionally larger (they make up a larger percentage of the tooth on primary teeth than on permanent teeth)
what is significant about the pulp horns of primary molars
they have long mesial pulp horns that lie relatively close to the occlusal surface
do permanent or primary molars have large mesial pulp horns
primary
are the distal or mesial pulp horns long on primary molars
mesial pulp horns are long
Which primary tooth can be confused with which permanent teeth of the same arch
the primary second molars can be confused with the permanent 1 molars
What are the differences between the roots of primary teeth and the roots of permanent teeth
- primary roots are more slender and tapered
- primary anterior teeth roots are straight and avoid distal tipping of their apices
- primary molars roots diverge and bulge (create a large gap inbetween their separate roots)
Why do the roots of primary teeth diverge and bugle
because they need to make room for the development of the underlying premolars
Why do you need to exercise care when attempting an extraction of primary teeth with unresorbed, or partially unresorbed roots
because you can easily damage the underlying permanent tooth, or fracture the primary tooth’s root
How does the thickness of dentin in primary teeth compare to the dentin in permanent teeth
the dentin in primary teeth is 1/2 as thick as the dentin in permanent teeth
we know that the pulp is larger proportionally in primary teeth than in permanent teeth, but how do the canals of primary teeth compare to the canals of permanent teeth
the canals in primary teeth have many accessory canals
what is the significance of primary teeth having many accessory canals
it makes root canal treatment very difficult, if not impossible
What is attrition
the wearing down of teeth from tooth to tooth contact
Do permanent or primary teeth more frequently show attrition
primary teeth
what do primary teeth that have attrition look like
short, stubby, flat teeth. looks like the incisal half of the tooth has been cut off)
can primary teeth have enough attrition that the dentin becomes exposed
yes
what kind of treatment is usually required in children with attrition
no treatment is usually required
what is our objective as dentists with primary teeth
to make sure the children retain their primary teeth until they are replaced by a permanent tooth
which is the first tooth of which hard tissue formation begins, and when does it begin
the maxillary central incisor, and it begins at 4 months in utero
when does the first primary tooth begin formation of hard tissue
at 4 months in utero. (max. Cent. Incisor)
How consistent is the timing of eruption of the primary teeth
it is very variable
which is more important, the timing or sequence of eruption of the primary teeth
the sequence
which is the most common congenitally missing primary tooth
the primary maxillary lateral incisor
how common is it that the primary maxillary lateral incisor is missing
it is very rare, but it is the most common congenitally missing tooth
What does it mean for the permanent tooth if its deciduous primary tooth is missing
it means that the permanent tooth will be missing as well
What is the simplified rule of primary eruption sequence (using the palmar system)
A –> B –> D –> C –> E
centrals, laterals, first molars, cuspids. second molars
What is the eruption dates according to the modified rule of 4
- 7 months - first teeth erupt
- 11 months - 4 teeth - central incisors present
- 15 months - 8 teeth - lateral incisors (and central incisors)
- 19 months - 12 teeth - 4 first molars (and incisors)
- 23 months - 16 teeth - canines (and incisors, 4 first molars)
- 27 months - 20 teeth - 4 second molars (and all other teeth)
at about what time have all does the eruption of primary teeth become complete
between 24 and 30 months
When do the crown of all primary teeth begin to calcify
between 3.5 and 6 months
When do permanent teeth begin to calcify, and which teeth are first
they begin to calcify at birth, and that begins with the permanent first molars
Which teeth replace primary incisors
permanent incisors
which teeth replace primary canines
permanent canines
which teeth replace primary molars
permanent premolars
what do you call teeth that are replaced by another tooth
deciduous teeth
what do you call teeth that replace other teeth
succedaneous teeth
what do you call teeth that don’t replace other teeth, and aren’t replaced by other teeth
Accessory teeth
Which teeth are deciduous
all 20 primary teeth
Which teeth are succedaneous
the permanent incisors, canines, and premolars
Which teeth are accessory
the permanent molars
Why is the timing of calcification of teeth important
because if a pregnant mother, or child is ill during dental calcification (either permanent or primary) the formation of the crowns of the teeth can be affected
Is spacing between the primary teeth desirable or not
yes it is desirable
why is spacing in primary teeth desirable
because the permanent teeth are generally larger and need more space to fit in the arch properly
What is the primate space
The large spaces where the canines fit into the opposing arch
Where are the primate spaces
Mesial to the maxillary canine (where the mandibular canine fits)
Distal to the mandibular canine (where the maxillary canine fits)
When is the primate space important
during canine and premolar eruption
When in a person’s life do they have a primary dentition
it begins with eruption of the first tooth (about 7 months)
It is complete from about 30 months to 6 years
only primary teeth
When is a person’s life do they have a mixed dentition
from about age 6 to 13
when you have both primary and permanent teeth
When is a person’s life do they have adolescent dentition
When you have no primary teeth left, but haven’t had all of your teeth erupt (2nd and 3rd molars may not have completely erupted)
Only permanent teeth
When in a persons life do they have an adult dentition
when all of the permanent teeth are in and eruption is complete
Only permanent teeth
How does the angulation of primary incisors compare to the angulation of permanent incisors
primary incisors are less angled, more up and down, than permanent incisors
What kind of angulation do the permanent incisors have
labial angulation
how does the overbite and overjet of primary teeth compare to the overbite and overjet of permanent teeth
primary teeth have little and less overbite and overjet than permanent teeth
What is overbite
its a vertical measurement of how far down the maxillary incisors come down over the mandibular incisors
What is overjet
a horizontal measurement of how far out over the mandibular incisors the maxillary incisors stick out
What are lines of Retzius
lines in the enamel of teeth (because enamel forms in layers)
Reminds me of the rings in the trunk of a tree
What is the neonatal line
a dark band of enamel (line of retzius) that is deposited at the time of birth
What causes the neonatal line
The abrupt change for the body of the fetus that occurs at birth.
How is the neonatal line used in forensics
it can be used to determine age at death
Why is the neonatal line only found in primary teeth
because none of the primary teeth begin calcification before birth (although the 1st primary molars begin at birth)
What are natal teeth
Teeth present at birth
are most natal teeth actual primary teeth or supernumerary teeth
actual primary teeth
What are neonatal teeth
teeth that erupt during the first month of life
What is the treatment of neonatal and natal teeth
usually they are left alone, but that can make feeding difficult, so they can be removed or smoothed
What is Riga-Fede disease
traumatic ulceration of the ventral surface of the tongue
what usually causes Riga-fede disease
natal and neonatal teeth
When else can cause riga-fede disease
it can occur after eruption of the primary mandibular incisors on infants with repetitive tongue thrust habits
What complications does riga-fede disease cause
troubles with feeding
what is the treatment options for riga fede diseas
smoothing incisors
placing composits on incisors
extraction of teeth (natal, neonatal)
What is Gemination
a single tooth bud that attempts to divide
What is Fusion
the union of two teeth
What is concresence
the fusion of two teeth along the root surface
how do you tell between gemination and fusion
gemination leads to an appearance of “more” teeth
Fusion is when the number of teeth doesn’t change
Which one is more likely to lead to a missing permanent tooth fusion or gemination of primary teeth
fusion is more likely to lead to a missing permanent tooth
What is taurodontism
Enlarged bodies and pulp of the tooth
Which type of teeth primary or permanent teeth can have taurodontism
both primary and permanent teeth can be involved
What is a possible cause of hutchinsons incisors, and mulberry molars
congenital syphilis
what is dens in dente/ dens invaginatus
a tooth within a tooth
what is fluorosis
fluoride staining of the teeth
what causes fluorosis
excessive fluoride during tooth calcification
What does exposure to tetracycline cause in teeth
staining of enamel, and even a little bit of the dentin
When does exposure to tetracycline cause problems in the teeth
during the calcification of teeth
what is hyperdontia
extra-teeth
what is hypodontia
missing teeth
what arch is more likely to have hyperdontia
the maxillary arch
what is the most common extra tooth
mesiodens (a tooth in between the two maxillary central incisors)
Can cleft palate lead to extra teeth
yes, particularly in the area of the failed sutures
What is cleidocranial dysplasia
a disorder in which a person doesn’t have a clavicle, and has a whole bunch of supernumerary teeth
