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DMD 5300 Dental Anatomy 2 > Premolars (complete) > Flashcards

Premolars (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

When are the eruption dates of the 4 kinds of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - 10 years
Maxillary 2nd - 10.5 years
Mandibular 1st - 11 Years
Mandibular 2nd - 11.5 years

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2
Q

What are the universal numbers of the maxillary 1st premolars

A

5,12

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3
Q

What are the universal numbers of the maxillary 2nd premolars

A

4,13

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4
Q

What are the universal numbers of the mandibular 1st premolars

A

21,28

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5
Q

What are the universal numbers of the mandibular 2nd premolars

A

20,29

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6
Q

When do the 4 premolar types begin calcification

A

all of them at 2 years

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7
Q

When do the crowns of the 4 premolar types become completed

A

Maxillary 1st - 5.5 years
Maxillary 2nd - 6.5 years
Mandibular 1st - 5.5 years
Mandibular 2nd - 6.5 years

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8
Q

When do the roots of the 4 premolar types become completed

A

Maxillary 1st - 12.5 years
Maxillary 2nd - 13 years
Mandibular 1st - 12.5 years
Mandibular 2nd - 13 years

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9
Q

What is the eruption pattern of the primary teeth

A
  1. Central incisors
  2. lateral incisors
  3. 4 First molars
  4. Canines
  5. 4 second molars
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10
Q

What is the eruption pattern of mandibular permanent teeth (according to the palmer numbering system)

A

(6-1) –> 2 –> 3 –> 4 –> 5 –> 7 –> 8

(6-1) –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 5 –> 7 –> 8

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11
Q

What is the eruption pattern of maxillary permanent teeth (according to the palmer numbering system)

A

6 –> 1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 3 –> 5 –> 7 –> 8

6 –> 1 –> 2 –> 4 –> 5 –> 3 –> 7 –> 8

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12
Q

Which permanent teeth begin calcification at birth

A

1st molars

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13
Q

how does the faciolingual aspect compare to the mesiodistal aspect of ALL premolars

A

The faciolingual aspect of ALL PREMOLARS is greater than the mesiodistal aspect

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14
Q

How does the size proximal contacts of premolars compare to the size of proximal contacts anterior teeth

A

they have broader contact areas than the anterior teeth

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15
Q

How does the cervical line of the premolars compare to the cervical lines of anterior teeth

A

the cervical line is much flatter on the premolars than the anterior teeth

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16
Q

What is the shape of the premolars from the facial view, not including cusp tips?

A

trapezoidal

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17
Q

For all 4 of the different types of premolars, what are the relative length of buccal cusp ridges (are mesial cusp ridges or distal cusp ridges longer)

A

Maxillary 1st - MESIAL CUSP RIDGE IS LONGER
Maxillary 2nd - distal cusp ridge is longer
Mandibular 1st - distal cusp ridge is longer
Mandibular 2nd - distal cusp ridge is longer

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18
Q

Which premolar has a mesial cusp ridge of the buccal cusp that is longer than the distal cusp ridge of the buccal cusp

A

The maxillary first premolar

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19
Q

Where is the buccal cusp tip of the maxillary first premolar located relative to the long axis of the root

A

it is located slightly to the distal. (this is because it has a longer mesial cusp ridge than its distal cusp ridge)

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20
Q

What is the only permanent tooth with the mesial cusp ridge being longer than the distal cusp ridge

A

the maxillary 1st premolar

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21
Q

What are the buccal cusp tips like on the 4 different premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - relatively pointed
Maxillary 2nd - less pointed/more rounded
Mandibular 1st - relatively pointed
Mandibular 2nd - less angulation/less pointed

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22
Q

Which of the 4 premolars is relatively symmetrical from the buccal view

A

mandibular first premolar

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23
Q

What are the developmental depressions and buccal ridges like on the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - prominent and noticeable
Maxillary 2nd - less defined
Mandibular 1st - not as prominent and noticeable as the max 1st but more than the others
Mandibular 2nd - less defined

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24
Q

Where are the mesial and distal proximal contacts located on the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - Both in the middle third, mesial is more cervical
Maxillary 2nd - both in the middle third, both at the same height
Mandibular 1st - both in middle third
Mandibular 2nd - both in the middle third

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25
Q

Which of the 4 premolar types has a concavity when looking at it from the facial view on the mesial outline of the crown between the medial contact area and the cervical line

A

the maxillary 1st

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26
Q

What other tooth besides the maxillary first premolar has a concavity on the mesial side, near its cervical line

A

maxillary canines

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27
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars usually has a bifurcated root

A

the maxillary 1st

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28
Q

Which root of the maxillary 1st premolar is usually wider

A

the facial root

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29
Q

Which of the 4 premolars has an occlusal table that slants vertically

A

the mandibular first

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30
Q

How do the lingual and buccal cusps of the 4 types of premolars compare to each other (lingual and buccal cusps of the same tooth)

A

Maxillary 1st - lingual is shorter and more narrow, and THE CUSP TIPS ARE ON OPPOSITE SIDES of the root
Maxillary 2nd - lingual is slightly SMALLER, but CLOSE TO THE SAME SIZE, and they are aligned on the long axis so the cusp ridges are parallel
Mandibular 1st - lingual cusp is MUCH shorter, and both are aligned on the long axis of the tooth
Mandibular 2nd - can have one or two lingual cusps. will be shorter and smaller than the buccal cusps

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31
Q

which of the 4 premolar types can have two lingual cusps instead of just one lingual cusp

A

the mandibular 2nd

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32
Q

how to the two lingual cusps of the mandibular 2nd premolar compare to each other

A

the mesiolingual cusp is taller and wider than the distolingual cusp

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33
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars has a lingual cusp that is almost like a cingulum

A

the mandibular 1st

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34
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars from the proximal views have cusp tips that are located within the confines of the root trunk

A

the maxillary first

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35
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars from the proximal views have a lingual cusp tip that is in line with the lingual root outline, and have a buccal cusp tip that is centered over the root

A

the mandibular 1st

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36
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars from the proximal views have a buccal cusp tip that is facial to the long axis of the root

A

the mandibular 2nd

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37
Q

where are the cusp tips of the 4 types of premolars in comparison to their roots from the proximal view

A

Maxillary 1st - both the lingual and buccal cusp tips are within the confines of the root trunk
Maxillary 2nd - both the lingual and the buccal cusp tips are near being lined up with the lingual and buccal surfaces of the root
Mandibular 1st - the buccal cusp tip is centered over the root, and the lingual cusp tip is in line with the lingual surface of the root
Mandibular 2nd - the buccal cusp tip is facial to the long axis of the root, and the lingual cusp tip appears to be lingual to the lingual surface of the root

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38
Q

Where are the buccal and lingual heights of contour of the 4 types of premolars

A

All of the buccal heights of contour are in the cervical 1/3

All of the lingual heights of contour are in the middle 1/3

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39
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have the steepest triangular ridges

A

the maxillary 1st

40
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars has the mesiolingual groove

A

The mandibular 1st

41
Q

From where to where does the mesiolingual groove on the madibular 1st premolar run

A

from the mesial fossa onto the mesiolingual surface of the crown

42
Q

What are the slopes of the mesial marginal ridges like on each of the 4 premolar types

A

Maxillary 1st - almost perpendicular to the long axis of tooth
Maxillary 2nd - nearly horizontal
Mandibular 1st - 45 degrees
Mandibular 2nd - perpendicular, but higher than mandibular 1st

43
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars has the mesial marginal developmental groove

A

the maxillary 1st

44
Q

From where to where does the mesial marginal developmental groove run on the maxillary 1st premolar

A

it crosses the marginal ridge and runs into the mesial developmental depression

45
Q

Which of the 4 premolar types have a relatively deep developmental groove on the mesial side of the root that even crosses the cervical line onto the crown

A

the maxillary 1st premolar

46
Q

What are the distal marginal ridges like on the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - nearly horizontal and it is more cervical than the mesial marginal ridge, and it has no groove running through it
Maxillary 2nd - horizontal, similar to the mesial marginal ridge
Mandibular 1st - nearly horizontal and more coronal than the mesial marginal ridge
Mandibular 2nd - more cervical than the mesial marginal ridge

47
Q

On the first maxillary premolar where is the mesial proximal contact in relation to the mesial marginal groove

A

it is facial to the mesial marginal groove

48
Q

on the first maxillary premolar where is the distal proximal contact in relation to the faciolingual long axis bisector

A

it is also facial

49
Q

how do the mesial and distal proximal contacts compare on the maxillary 1st premolar

A

the distal proximal contact is positioned more occlusally, and is wider (it contacts wider teeth)

50
Q

How can you tell the difference between the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary 1st premolar if you only look at the root

A

the mesial will have a profound developmental groove, and the distal will not have one that is very profound

51
Q

How can you tell the difference between the ligual and buccal sides of the premolars if you only look at the root

A

the root on the lingual side will be thinner than the side of the root on the buccal side

52
Q

What are the shapes of the occlusal tables of each of the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - hexagonal (sides aren’t equal sizes)
Maxillary 2nd - Rectangular
Mandibular 1st - triangular
Mandibular 2nd - not specified

53
Q

What are the shapes of the crown outlines of each of the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - Not specified
Maxillary 2nd - Oval
Mandibular 1st - Diamond
Mandibular 2nd - Square (3 cusp), cirlce (2 cusp)

54
Q

What is the approximate angle formed by the mesial cusp ridge of the buccal cusp and the mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary 1st premolar

A

nearly 90 degrees

55
Q

What is the approximate angle formed by the distal cusp ridge of the buccal cusp and the distal marginal ridge of the maxillary first premolar

A

It is an acute angle (less than the angle on the mesial side)

56
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have transverse ridges

A

Only the mandibular first premolar

occasionally the mandibular 2nd with two cusps can form one as well

57
Q

How do the lengths of the triangular ridges of the mandibular first premolar compare

A

the facial triangular ridge is much longer than the lingual triangular ridge

58
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars has three distinct facial lobes and 2 depressions

A

the maxillary first premolar

59
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have prominent “shoulder like” mesiofacial, and distofacial line angles

A

the maxillary first premolar

60
Q

What are the mesial and distal crown contours like on the 4 types of premolars

A

they are all pretty convex, with the exception of the MESIAL crown contour of the Maxillary first premolar. This is shaped like a “3”

61
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have a mesial crown contour that is in the shape of a “3”

A

the maxillary first premolar

62
Q

the premolars of which arch tend to be more likely to have pits instead of fossa

A

the mandibular premolars are more likely to have pits than the maxillary premolars

63
Q

Which of the premolars have a comma shaped distal fossa

A

the mandibular first premolar

64
Q

What is specific and unique about the central grooves of each of the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - the central groove extends over the mesial marginal ridge as the mesial marginal developmental groove
Maxillary 2nd - there are many supplemental grooves coming off of the central groove giving its occlusal surface a wrinkled look, also it has a short central groove
Mandibular 1st - the central groove is located lingual to the faciolingual crown bisector
Mandibular 2nd - the central groove can be Y, H, or U shaped

65
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have a crown that appears to be bent or slanted lingually on the root

A

the mandibular first premolar

66
Q

what is the clinical significance of the mandibular first premolar having an occlusal table that is so slanted

A

you need to drill perpendicular to the occlusal table, not to the tooth as a whole. if you don’t, then you will more easily drill far and risk hitting the pulp chamber

67
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars usually has one root and two pulp canals

A

the maxillary 2nd premolar

68
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars is most likely to have q distal notch on the distal cusp ridge of the buccal cusp

A

the mandibular 2nd premolar

69
Q

How do the lingual lobes of the first and second mandibular premolars compare

A

the second mandibular premolar has a more developped lingual lobes, making a larger lingual cusp, leading to a less angled occlusal table

70
Q

Which of the premolars is capable of having three cusps instead of two

A

the mandibular 2nd

71
Q

When the mandibular 2nd premolar has 3 cusps, how many lobes did it develop from

A

5

72
Q

on the maxillary 2nd premolar which of the cusp tips is more pointed? the buccal or the lingual

A

the buccal (because it is a non functional cusp, typically the functional cusps are less pointed)

73
Q

How does the mesial developmental groove on the root compare between the 1st and 2nd maxillary premolars

A

the 2nd premolar doesn’t have as defined of a developmental groove, and it doesn’t extend onto the root of the tooth like the one on the 1st mandibular premolar does

74
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars can have a lingual groove

A

only the mandibular 2nd premolar (when it is the 3 cusp variety)

75
Q

What are embrasures

A

the negative space that surrounds contact points

76
Q

What are the different kinds of embrasures

A

buccal/facial
lingual/palatal
occlusal
cervical

77
Q

on the 4 types of premolars what are the roots like

A

Maxillary 1st - bifurcated, distinct and large mesial developmental depression, slight distal developmental depression
Maxillary 2nd - good sized mesial and distal developmental depression, but it doesn’t cross onto the crown,
Mandibular 1st - mesial has better developmental depressions than the distal
Mandibular 2nd - neither side has a very distinct developmental depression

78
Q

Which has the longer root, the 1st or 2nd mandibular premolar

A

the 2nd mandibular premolar

79
Q

from the distal view how can you tell between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolar

A

the 2nd mandibular premolar has its distal marginal ridge that is more cervical than the mesial marginal ridge, so you can see the occlusal surface of the tooth.

80
Q

Which is larger, the 1st or second maxillary premolar

A

the 1st maxillary premolar is larger, the 2nd is smaller

81
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have relatively wide marginal ridges

A

the maxillary 2nd premolar

82
Q

Which of the 4 types of premolars have mesial and distal fossae that are nearer to the center of the tooth

A

the maxillary 2nd premolar

83
Q

Which of the maxillary premolars have a kidney shape, and which have an oval shape when looking at a cross section of the root

A

the maxillary 1st premolar has a kidney shape, the maxillary 2nd has an oval shape

84
Q

What is the most common root, and canal number for the 4 types of premolars

A

Maxillary 1st - 2 canals, 2 roots
Maxillary 2nd - 1 and 2 canals almost equally common, 1 root
Mandibular 1st - 1 canal, 1 root
Mandibular 2nd - 1 canal, 1 root

85
Q

Which is more common, the 3 cusp type or the 2 cusp type of mandibular 2nd premolars

A

the 3 cusp type

86
Q

what shapes are the crown outlines of the 3 and 2 cusp mandibular 2nd molars

A

3 cusp is square shaped

2 cusp is oval shape

87
Q

which of the 3 and 2 cusp mandibular 2nd molars can form transverse ridges

A

the 2 cusp type

88
Q

what are the three shapes possible for the developmental grooves of the mandibular 2nd premolars

A

Y shaped
H shaped
U shaped

89
Q

When do you see the Y shaped developmental grooves on mandibular 2nd premolars

A

always when you have the three cusp style

90
Q

When do you see the H and U shaped developmental grooves on the mandibular 2nd premolars

A

when it is the 2 cusp style

91
Q

where is the central pit located on the 3 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar

A

slightly distal

92
Q

how many fossae do you have on the 3 and 2 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolars

A

3 cusp type = 3 fossae

2 cusp type = 2 fossae

93
Q

Which way does the 2 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar diverge

A

from lingual to buccal

94
Q

which way can the 3 cusp type mandibular 2nd premolar diverge

A

from buccal to lingual

95
Q

how do the 3 cusps of the mandibular 2nd premolar line up

A

they don’t quite line up, the buccal is just slightly distal to the mesiolingual cusp, and it is mesial to the distolingual cusp

96
Q

how do the 2 cusps of the mandibular 2nd premolar line up

A

they line up directly opposite

DMD 5300 Dental Anatomy 2 (2 decks)

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