primary cardio dz Flashcards
ferret heart is at which ribs?
6-8.
what is the flattened/ovoid structure lateral to the ventral sulcus of the soft palate in ferrets?
palatine tonsils
normal size of a ferret spleen
5.1cm by 1.8cm
an S3 gallop from a ferret indicates
dilation of the left ventricle
an S4 gallop from a ferret indicates
accentuated atrial contraction, HCM
pulmonary edema in ferret rads will look like
mixed patchy interstitial to alveolar pattern, more prominent in the caudodorsal lung fields
Normal VHS in ferret
Long axis times short axis (vertebrae are generally 1cm). Normal is 5.33v
Sinus bradycardia in a ferret:
most commonly insulinoma
2nd deg AV block in a ferret
normal in species
High grade 2nd deg AV block & 3rd AV block
pathologic
APC & VPC in a ferret
rare and no bueno
lasix + ace inhibitors in a ferret: concern?
can develop severe azotemia if used together - monitor carefully
which diuretic might you want to start if a heart ferret has to be on pred?
spironolactone
which heart diseases are the most common in ferrets?
Generally primary valvular dz per pink book. Aortic, then mitral, then tricuspid.
heartworm dz in ferrets usually causes
R sided heart size changes/r sided CHF. pulmonary vessel changes aren’t reliable.
symptoms of ADV in a ferret
Widely vary from nothing to death, though mostly lower end. Immune complex deposition in many organs. wasting, weightloss, weakness; CNS signs; hepatosplenomegaly
clin path changes with ADV?
anemia of chronic inflammation
markedly inc globulins (20-60% of total proteins), dec albumin
if deposition into liver/kidneys, assoc change there too
Gold standard screen for ADV?
CIEP or CIP; PCR for active viremia
ferret liver bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis:
ADV
normal ferret PCV w/o anesthesia is:
46-61%
some weird rabbit heart shit:
persistent left CrVC - drains into coronary sinus
Coronary sinus is a normal structure
R & L auricles are large
ostium of the coronary sinus is large too
where can you feel rabbit periph pulses?
central artery of the ear
causes of infectious myocarditis in rabbits:
pasteurella
salmonella
Clostridium piliforme
E Cun
which drug combos can cause myocardial necrosis in rabbits?
Detomidine & ket/xylazine
which breeds of rabbit are likely to have atherosclerosis?
up to 40% of Flemish giant, chinch, NZW & English spot - all meat breeds
common echo findings of GPs with CV dz:
Pericardial effusion (up to 60%) DCM (60%)
weird hamster heart shit:
atrial thrombosis; androgens are protective; big clot no platelets coagulopathy death
treatment for a Syrian ham with DCM:
Pimobendan (sl high dose, up to 0.6 mg/kg q12h)
Lasix, enalapril
Verapamil, experimentally
Hedgehog hearts: major dz?
“cardiomyopathy” unspecified type.
Endocardiosis (dz) & myocardial calcinosis (not dz) also reported.
skunk heart disease?
myocardial fibrosis is the most common
Valvular, DCM, endocardiosis, all reported
