primary cardio dz

Question 1

ferret heart is at which ribs?

Answer 1

6-8.

Question 2

what is the flattened/ovoid structure lateral to the ventral sulcus of the soft palate in ferrets?

Answer 2

palatine tonsils

Question 3

normal size of a ferret spleen

Answer 3

5.1cm by 1.8cm

Question 4

an S3 gallop from a ferret indicates

Answer 4

dilation of the left ventricle

Question 5

an S4 gallop from a ferret indicates

Answer 5

accentuated atrial contraction, HCM

Question 6

pulmonary edema in ferret rads will look like

Answer 6

mixed patchy interstitial to alveolar pattern, more prominent in the caudodorsal lung fields

Question 7

Normal VHS in ferret

Answer 7

Long axis times short axis (vertebrae are generally 1cm). Normal is 5.33v

Question 8

Sinus bradycardia in a ferret:

Answer 8

most commonly insulinoma

Question 9

2nd deg AV block in a ferret

Answer 9

normal in species

Question 10

High grade 2nd deg AV block & 3rd AV block

Answer 10

pathologic

Question 11

APC & VPC in a ferret

Answer 11

rare and no bueno

Question 12

lasix + ace inhibitors in a ferret: concern?

Answer 12

can develop severe azotemia if used together - monitor carefully

Question 13

which diuretic might you want to start if a heart ferret has to be on pred?

Answer 13

spironolactone

Question 14

which heart diseases are the most common in ferrets?

Answer 14

Generally primary valvular dz per pink book. Aortic, then mitral, then tricuspid.

Question 15

heartworm dz in ferrets usually causes

Answer 15

R sided heart size changes/r sided CHF. pulmonary vessel changes aren’t reliable.

Question 16

symptoms of ADV in a ferret

Answer 16

Widely vary from nothing to death, though mostly lower end. Immune complex deposition in many organs. wasting, weightloss, weakness; CNS signs; hepatosplenomegaly

Question 17

clin path changes with ADV?

Answer 17

anemia of chronic inflammation
markedly inc globulins (20-60% of total proteins), dec albumin
if deposition into liver/kidneys, assoc change there too

Question 18

Gold standard screen for ADV?

Answer 18

CIEP or CIP; PCR for active viremia

Question 19

ferret liver bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis:

Answer 19

ADV

Question 20

normal ferret PCV w/o anesthesia is:

Answer 20

46-61%

Question 21

some weird rabbit heart shit:

Answer 21

persistent left CrVC - drains into coronary sinus
Coronary sinus is a normal structure
R & L auricles are large
ostium of the coronary sinus is large too

Question 22

where can you feel rabbit periph pulses?

Answer 22

central artery of the ear

Question 23

causes of infectious myocarditis in rabbits:

Answer 23

pasteurella
salmonella
Clostridium piliforme
E Cun

Question 24

which drug combos can cause myocardial necrosis in rabbits?

Answer 24

Detomidine & ket/xylazine

Question 25

which breeds of rabbit are likely to have atherosclerosis?

Answer 25

up to 40% of Flemish giant, chinch, NZW & English spot - all meat breeds

Question 26

common echo findings of GPs with CV dz:

Answer 26

Pericardial effusion (up to 60%)
DCM (60%)

Question 27

weird hamster heart shit:

Answer 27

atrial thrombosis; androgens are protective; big clot no platelets coagulopathy death

Question 28

treatment for a Syrian ham with DCM:

Answer 28

Pimobendan (sl high dose, up to 0.6 mg/kg q12h)
Lasix, enalapril
Verapamil, experimentally

Question 29

Hedgehog hearts: major dz?

Answer 29

“cardiomyopathy” unspecified type.

Endocardiosis (dz) & myocardial calcinosis (not dz) also reported.

Question 30

skunk heart disease?

Answer 30

myocardial fibrosis is the most common

Valvular, DCM, endocardiosis, all reported