Primary and Secondary Prevention of Specific Illnesses

Question 1

The single most important preventive measure against diseases?

Answer 1

Water sanitation

Question 2

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, periorbital or facial cellulitis — mainly in ___

Answer 2

children

Question 3

Second most common cause of AOM in children?

First?

Answer 3

Haemophilus influenzae (most cases due to non typable strais rather than type b (bad))
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

Major cause of acute epiglottitis

Answer 4

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 5

Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated polysaccharide vaccine should be given to children beginning at ___ of age

Answer 5

2 months

Question 6

what pre natal test is recommended for all women?

Answer 6

Hepatitis B surfage antigen

Question 7

Prenatal screening:
___ screening for HBsAg in pregnant women is based on evidence that early treatment of the neonate with ___ and subsequent ___ is 85 to 95 percent effecive in preventing development of ___ state in infants born to HBsAg (+) mothers

Answer 7

universal
HBIG
vaccination

Question 8

Prenatal screening:
___ screening for mothers at high risk
___: for people at high risk for thalassemia or sickle cell anemia
___ for women with uncertain menstrual histories or at risk for IUGR

Answer 8

HIV
electrophoresis
UTZ

Question 9

What is RA 10152?

Approved in?

Answer 9

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011
June 2011

Question 10

What RA states that a mandatory basic immunization shall be given for free at any government hospital or health center to infants and children up to five years of age, covering specified diseases (which you’ll have to enumerate in another flashcard, haha) :D

Answer 10

RA 10152
Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011
June 2011

Question 11

What diseases are covered in RA 10152?

NOTE: Such other types may be determined by the Secretary of Health in a department circular

Answer 11

Tuberculosis
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
Poliomyelitis
Measles
Mumps
Rubella or German measles
Hepatitis B
H. influenzae type B (Hib)
Rotavirus
Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)

Question 12

The major means of prevention of viral hepatitis type A? HAV infection can be prevented by ___

Answer 12

Passive immunization

administration of immune serum globulin

Question 13

Reason to treat gonorrhea with oral TCN 500mg qid for 7 days, rather than with oral ampicillin 3.5g plus oral probenecid taken at one time

Answer 13

Better coverage of Chlamydia trachomatis

NOTE: both tetracycline for a week and ampicillin at one time are effective against non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae; but because up to 45% of patients with gonorrhea have co-existing chlamydia, (50 to 70%), tetracycline should be considered

Question 14

Tetracycline is contraindicated in pregnancy. Which alternative drug will you give?

Answer 14

Azithromycin

Question 15

Prevention of human brucellosis depends on ___
Farmers and workers in the livestock industry must be ___ as to the dangers of infected animals and handling of aborted animals.
Is there a vaccine for humans?
Person to person transmission?

Answer 15

pateurization of dairy products derived from goats, sheep, or cattle

educated
none
not possible — so treatment of individuals will not control spread

Question 16

Effective means of treating trichinosis in humans

Answer 16

prohibiting the marketing of garbage fed hogs

Question 17

Control of Trichinella spiralis:
Ensure that all garbage and ___ fed to hogs are ___-treated to destroy the ___, or preferably by using feed devoid of ___

Answer 17

offal
heat
cysts
animal meat

Question 18

Control of Trichinella spiralis: Better alternative to enforce than inspection to ensure that all garbage is properly cooked?

Answer 18

prohibition of marketing of garbage fed hogs

Question 19

Control of Trichinella spiralis: Thorough cooking at temperature at least ___ degrees Celsius (171 degrees Fahrenheit to destroy the cysts; Freezing

Answer 19

compute!!!

Question 20

Characteristic signs and symptoms of kwashiorkor include all of the following, except:
hypoalbuminemia
edema
loss of subcutaneous fat
ulcerated dermopathy

Answer 20

loss of subcutaneous fat

Question 21

Dietary Deficiencies:
Vit A? Thiamine? Vit C? Vit B? Niacin?

Petechiae, sore gums, hematuria, and bone or joint pain

Dermatitis, diarrhea, delirium

Edema, neuropathy, and myocardial failure

Xerosis conjuctivae, hyperkeratosis, and keratomalacia

Answer 21

Vitamin C
Niacin
Thiamine
Vitamin A

Question 22

A diet high in corn may lead to

Answer 22

niacin deficiency

Question 23

___ is an absolute indication for a Pap smear. Examinato of two successive cervial scarpings increases he yield and avoids false-negative results

Answer 23

Sexual activity

Question 24

Intermediate host:
snail? swine? fish? crab? dog?

Lung fluke disease
Schistosomiasis
Toxocariasis
Cysticerbosis

Answer 24

crab
snail
dog
swine

Question 25

Mineral Deficiencies: fluorine? copper? zinc? sodium? calcium? Poor mineralization of bones and teeth, osteoporosis Nausea, diarrhea, muscle cramps, dehydration Tendency to dental carries Dwarfism, hepatosplenomegaly, poor wound healing

Answer 25

calcium sodium fluorine zinc