Previous tests Flashcards
Full Moon
Sun, Earth, Moon
New Moon (sun, moon, earth) -waxing crescent -first quarter -waxing gibbous Full Moon (sun, earth, moon) -waning gibbous -third quarter -waning crescent (light is right to left - so crescent on the left like a C - bc light is darkened right to left too)
What position would you expect to see the moon straight south at sunset?
first quarter
Which position would a total solar eclipse occur
New moon
Which position would moon be due south at 6 am?
third quarter
When the moon is at third quarter, how much of total surface of moon is illuminated directly by sun’s light?
1/2
Waxing gibbous looks like
right side is 3/4 covered - light moves right to left across moon - Dark C on left
What do we call the time from a 3rd quarter moon to the next 3rd quarter moon?
Synodic month
When we refer to something as sidereal it is with respect to what?
stars
By your watch (solar time) how long does it take the earth to make one rotation on its axis?
23 h 56 m
To be a partial lunar eclipse which of the following must be true
Moon passes through Penumbra, with only a part passing through umbra
As we watch the night sky on a single night the stars appear to move overall
East to west
Newton developed a general law described the physical attraction of two objects. Which of the following does not affect the gravitational force btwn the sun and earth?
Radius of earth (does not in ?)
- IS AFFECTED BY:
- —mass of earth, mass of sun, distance from the center the sun to the center of earth
Which of the following is the longest in terms of time?
Lunar or synodic month
-compared to solar day, sidereal day, sidereal month
How many times a year will the sun be directly overhead (at zenith) in Provo, Utah?
0
Holding a ball above ground and it is not moving it is
Potential energy
1 samuel 20:5 speaks of new moon. Which is description of new moon described in scriptures?
First thin crescent moon seen in the evening at twilight
Go out and see bright star Sirius rising over mountains at 10 pm. You wait two weeks and go out to look for sirius in night sky. Which describes position of sirius?
It rose at 9:04 pm
T/F planets orbit slower the further they are from the sun?
TRUE
T/F planets orbit slower the further they are from the sun?
TRUE
Which is highest energy photons in the entire electromagnetic spectrum
Gamma rays
If earth were to shrink to half its current radius, what would happen to the surface gravity (or the acceleration of earth’s surface?)
It would increase
Standing at Honolulu HI and its dark. The position of Honolulu on earth’s latitude is 21.3 N and longitude is 157.8 W - how high above the horizon is the north star?
21.3 degrees
Standing on surface of mars with telescope, which planet would show phases similar to the moon as i look at them through my telescope
Earth
If we saw hydrogen line in a stars spectra moving toward us, where would we expect to see the hydrogen alpha line in the spectra?
It would be moved to the blue by an amount based on the velocity approach
I have a telescope with a 5000 mm focal length for the objective lens - which eyepiece would I need to use to get a magnification of 200x?
5000/x = 200 = 25 mm
What is correct order of electromagnetic spectrum from SHORT to LONG wavelenghts
gamma-rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, microwave, radio wave
Which has longest wavelength in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Red light
How long does it take a planet to go through retrograde motion?
few months
What is cosmogony?
scientific study of the earth’s place in the universe
What is weight on moon compared to weight on earth? (gravitational acceleration is less on the moon)
weight on moon will be less than on earth
If Northern hemisphere is tipped toward sun, why would southern hemisphere have cooler weather?
tip means light is spread out over larger area due to lower angle - there are less hours of sunlight due to the tip
During total solar eclipse what is true?
moon is btwn earth and sun - NEW MOON
In provo the sun reaches its highest northern point in the sky on…
summer solstice
direction of velocity on a circle moving left…
toward the bottom of the page
direction of velocity on a circle moving left…
toward the bottom of the page
As we watch moon over a month we see diff. portions of the moon or phases. Why?
half the moon is always illuminated by the sun, but we see a diff fraction as the moon orbits the earth
Earth currently tipped 23.5 degrees. If something happened to increase the tip of the earth to 28 degrees, what would happen?
for latitudes like provo we would see hotter summers and cooler winters
diurnal motion is
nightly movement of the stars
I hold a ball 10 ft above the floor. Release ball and it accelerates toward the floor. Which is true?
As ball falls potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and the sum equals the original potential energy
We have telescope that uses mirrors to focus light. What is this?
Reflecting telescope
Absorption lines are formed when…
Photons are absorbed and cause an electron to move from a lower to higher energy state in the atom
in 1852 how was the calendar corrected
Pope Gregory XII caused 10 days to be dropped from 1852 and adjusted leap year
constellations visible in early evening change gradually over course of year due to…
revolution of earth about the sun
what is nature of light?
has properties of both particles and waves
what is sidereal day for earth?
23 h 56 m
What are Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
- orbit of every planet is an ellipse with sun at one focus
- line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time
- a^3 = p^2: wjere a is the semi-major axis and P is orbital period
Living on moon and watching earth what is true
Earth goes through phases, but they are opposite the moon phases as seen from earth
I look up into the sky and see a star appears yellow next to a red star. Why are they diff colors?
Yellow star is hotter than the red star and therefore gives off higher energy photon in the yellow region of the spectrum
To orbit earth’s surface an object must be going 17,000 mph. This would cause orbital period close to 90 min (once around earth). I want geosynchronous orbit (always above same location on earth). Where would this be?
btwn surface of earth and moon’s orbit
Constellations visible in early evening change gradually over course of year due to…
revolution of earth about the sun
constellations of zodiac most closely follow what line?
the ecliptic
sun reaches highest northern point in the sky on…
summer solstice
If the ecliptic and celestial equator matched (no tilt) what would happen?
we would have no seasonal changes
Suppose length of year was actually 365.2 days instead of 365.25 days. How often would we have leap year?
Every 5 years
T/F the only thing that impacts seasons is the earth’s tilt
FALSE
T/F an annular eclipse can only happen when moon is at apogee (furthest point from earth)
TRUE
T/F human eye can see majority of electromagnetic spectrum, but not all of it
FALSE
T/F we are standing on the roof of the ESC and see a star rise in NE. It will set in SW
FALSE
T/F a total solar eclipse can only happen when moon is at new moon
TRUE
T/F moon does not rotate on its own axis, we always see same face
FALSE
T/F phases of moon are caused by shadow of the earth
FALSE
T/F solar and lunar eclipses happen when moon is on the line of nodes
TRUE
T/F light travels from one place to another instantaneously
FALSE
T/F we can always apply modern astronomical definitions to scriptural references
FALSE
T/F according to Gregorian calendaring system 1600 was a leap year
TRUE
T/F a larger fraction of earth can see total lunar eclipse than can see a total solar eclipse
TRUE
T/F if i measure a redshift in a photon it means the object emitting that photon is moving away from me
TRUE
T/F if i measure a redshift in a photon it means the object emitting that photon is moving away from me
TRUE
Meridian
Line running from north, through zenith, to the south
Vernal equinox
Point where celestial equator and ecliptic cross, with sun going from south to north
opposition
point where planet is directly opposite sun from earth’s point of view
Ecliptic
path of sun through the stars over the course of a year
Zenith
point directly over your head
Elongation
Point where an inferior planet is as far away from the sun as it gets in the sky
Geocentric
model with earth as center
altitude
Height of a celestial object above the horizon
Jupiter’s moons
Ganymede, Europa, Lo
Uranus moons
Miranda, Juliet
Saturn moons
Enceledas, Prometheus, Titan
Neptune moon
Triton
Mars moon
Phobos
Asteroid
Apollo, Pallas
Dwarf planets
Makemake, Ceres
Orcus = TNO, Trans-Neptunian object not currently a dwarf planet