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Bio 3100 > Previous Exam Questions > Flashcards

Previous Exam Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

The only coded aa that is chiral is

A

Gly

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2
Q

Pyruvic acid, or pyruvate, chemically is a

A

alpha-ketoacid

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3
Q

This non polar aa also works as a neurotransmitter

A

Gly

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4
Q

The number of oxygens in glycerin acid is

A

4

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5
Q

The only aa with a secondary alpha amino group is

A

Pro

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6
Q

When pyruvate serves as the substrate for an aminotransferase the product is

A

Ala

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7
Q

The aa is used as the source of CH3 groups is

A

Met

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8
Q

This aa is abundant in muscle tissues

A

Leu

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9
Q

These two aa are part of a motif in collagen

A

Gly and Pro

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10
Q

When I say AUG, most likely I am referring to

A

Met

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11
Q

A vitamin that is essential for strong triple helix collagen is

A

vit C

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12
Q

The first aa introduced in the synthesis of a new polypeptide is

A

Met

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13
Q

The most abundant free aa in blood is

A

Gln

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14
Q

This aa takes its name from a common vegetable where it is abundant

A

Asn

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15
Q

Two aa used as NH3 transporters to the liver are

A

Gln & Ala

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16
Q

The only essential aa from the polar, uncharged group is

A

Thr

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17
Q

The active form a protein is also called

A

Native

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18
Q

The most important structure of protein is the

A

primary

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19
Q

At enzymatic strait state, the factor that remains almost constant is

A

[ES]

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20
Q

The parameters involved in the Michaelis-Menten equation are

A

Vo, Vmax, Km, S

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21
Q

In a Lineweaver-Burk you plot

A

1/Vo and 1/[S]

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22
Q

The substrate concentration at which the reason rate is 1/2 Vmax is

A

Km

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23
Q

The number of substrate molecules converted to product in a given time is

A

kcat

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24
Q

Enzyme efficiency and substate specificity is best described by

A

kcat/Km

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25
Q

The rate limiting in an enzymatic reaction is

A

k2

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26
Q

A residue that can’t function in acid-base catalysis is

A

Phe

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27
Q

The reason the enzyme rate can’t go faster than 10^9 M-1 s-1 is

A

The limit in diffusion is reached

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28
Q

A competitive inhibitor

A

is reversible

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29
Q

An irreversible inhibitor

A

causes covalent modification

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30
Q

The only group that is not an electrophile is

A

An uncharged amine group

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31
Q

An allosteric site in an exam is

A

located away from the active site

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32
Q

Covalent modification in an enzyme is done to

A

Regulate the enzyme

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33
Q

A target residue for phosphorylation is

A

Thr

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34
Q

Adenylylation only occurs at

A

Tyr

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35
Q

Methylation only occurs at

A

Glu

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36
Q

The number of carbons introduced in myristoylation is

A

14

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37
Q

The target residue for acetylation is

A

Lys

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38
Q

A common residue for acetylation and ubiquitination is

A

Lys

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39
Q

A process that uses as target residues two polar and one positively charged aa is

A

ADP-ribosylation

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40
Q

Ser proteases perform their action by using

A

Covalent and acid/base catalysis

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41
Q

The recognition pocket in elastase contains as significant residue

A

Val

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42
Q

The final hydrolysis in Ser protease occurs when water attacks an

A

ester

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43
Q

The only aa absent in Cis proteases but present in Ser proteases is

A

Asp

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44
Q

HIV protease belong to the general type of proteases known as

A

Asp proteases

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45
Q

Enolase can be classified in general as a

A

isomerase

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46
Q

The vitamin used as part of a cofactor in oxidoreductases is most likely

A

B2

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47
Q

Activation and transfer of aldehydes involves as part of a cofactor

A

Thiamine

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48
Q

CO2 activation and transfer involved as coenzyme or part of coenzyme

A

Biotin

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49
Q

A schiff base is produced by the reaction of an

A

aldehyde with amine

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50
Q

The most common metal in metalloproteases is

A

Zn

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51
Q

The best type of aa present in membrane alpha helices in type III proteins should be

A

nonpolar

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52
Q

For glucose to move from the intestinal lumen into the blood capillaries requires the involvement of

A

one symporter, one anti porter, and one uniporter

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53
Q

If glucose is actively moving from the epithelial cell into the blood capillaries it means that

A

Concentrations of glucose and sodium are highest in the epithelial cell

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54
Q

In Na+K+ATPase, as in Ca2+ ATPase, the ions leave the transporter to the lumen when

A

Asp gets phosphorylated

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55
Q

Basal glucose uptake is provided by GLUT

A

1

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56
Q

A glucose transporter in the intestine is GLUT

A

2

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57
Q

A Kt of 5mM corresponds to a transporter located in the

A

Muscle

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58
Q

The GLUT transporters most likely stored in the endosome under normal blood glucose levels are GLUT

A

2

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59
Q

In the red cell,

A

Cl- and bicarbonate move through an antiporter

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60
Q

Analyzing cotransport systems that you know, it is logical that

A

An ion and an uncharged molecule move through a symporter

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61
Q

An agent of signal transduction that acts on a different organism is called?

A

Pheromone

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62
Q

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis is

A

Glucagon

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63
Q

Epinephrine can be chemically classified as a

A

aa derivative

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64
Q

Epinephrine is directly released by stimulation of the

A

adrenal medulla

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65
Q

If equimolar amounts epinephrine (Kd=5), isoproterenol (0.4) and propranolol (0.0046) are injected simultaneously, the action observed will be the one corresponding to

A

Propranolol only

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66
Q

A receptor that has the ability to alter interactions with the cytoskeleton is called

A

Adhesion receptor

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67
Q

The hormone response element is a

A

regulatory region in DNA

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68
Q

The enzyme cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is associated with the processing of

A

cAMP

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69
Q

cGMP is the second messenger for the receptor

A

Guanylyl cyclase

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70
Q

PIP2 is hydrolysis by the enzyme

A

Phospholipase C

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71
Q

The enzyme adenylate kinase

A

Makes ATP from ADP

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72
Q

Inositol is chemically a

A

Cyclic alcohol

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73
Q

The ion that causes the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is

A

Ca2+

74
Q

The receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is a

A

Gated ion channel

75
Q

The receptor for the hormone epinephrine is E

A

GPCR

76
Q

The receptor for the hormone acetylcholine is

A

GPCR

77
Q

TPP contains as an essential component vitamin

A

B1

78
Q

CoA contains as an essential component vitamin

A

Pantothenic acid

79
Q

Lipoic acid contains as critical groups

A

Two thiols

80
Q

The actual cofactor for dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase is

A

FAD

81
Q

The active site of transaldolase contains a

A

Lys

82
Q

An organ involved in gluconeogenesis is the

A

Kidney

83
Q

An enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis is

A

PEP carboxykinase

84
Q

The most important controlling enzyme in glycolysis is

A

PFK1

85
Q

An enzyme that uses ATP as an allosteric modulator is

A

PFK-1

86
Q

An enzyme that uses GTP as a cofactor is

A

PEP Carboxykinase

87
Q

Phosphoglucomutase uses at the active site the amino acid

A

Ser

88
Q

Phosphoglycerate mutase uses at the active site the amino acid

A

His

89
Q

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase uses of the active site the amino acid

A

Cys

90
Q

A difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is that

A

Gluconeogenesis uses GTP

91
Q

In the muscle, hexokinase will be inhibited by

A

High levels of glucose-6-phosphate

92
Q

The critical group in transketolase is

A

TPP

93
Q

Formation of fructose-6-phosphate requires the amino acid

A

Glu

94
Q

The number of asymmetric centers in D-glucose compared to D fructose is

A

One higher in D-glucose

95
Q

Sucrose

A

Has one acetal group

96
Q

The amino acid of hemoglobin involved in glycation are

A

Val and Lys

97
Q

Gamma gluconolactone has a ring formed by

A

4 carbons and 1 oxygen

98
Q

D glucose and D galactose are different on C4. Conversion of one to the other could be properly done using a

A

Epimerase

99
Q

D glucose and D galactose are different on C4, and D-glucose and D-mannose are different on C2. Thus, D galactose and F-mannose are

A

Isomers

100
Q

Mutarrotation of glucose

A

Produces more beta anomers than alpha

101
Q

Glucuronic acid has a carboxylic group on

A

C6 of alpha D-glucose

102
Q

The most oxidize carbon of D delta gluconolactone is carbon

A

One

103
Q

Polysaccharide synthesis most commonly uses a sugar activated as

A

UDP

104
Q

The most branch polysaccharide is

A

Glycogen

105
Q

Of dietary glycogen and endogenous glycogen, one can say that

A

Only endogenous glycogen is converted to glucose-1-hosphate

106
Q

Alcohol dehydrogenase uses as a cofactor

A

Zn2+

107
Q

Pyruvate decarboxylase use as a cofactor

A

Mg2+

108
Q

The number of hydrolases involved in the pentose phosphate pathway is

A

One

109
Q

Substrate-based phosphorylation is involved with the enzyme

A

Citrate synthase

110
Q

The number of carbons in glutaric acid is

A

Five

111
Q

The only compound that can’t be produced reversibly and Krebs cycle is

A

Alpha ketoglutarate

112
Q

Conversion of succinyl-CoA to oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle involves the following sequences of enzymes

A

Synthetase to dehydrogenase to fumarase to dehydrogenase

113
Q

Citrate synthase uses in its active site the amino acid

A

Asp and His

114
Q

An example of an iron sulfur protein is

A

Aconitase

115
Q

The number of reversible steps in the glyoxylate cycle is

A

0

116
Q

The number of enzymes common to both the Krebs and glyoxylate cycles are

A

Three

117
Q

The number of CoA – SH required to beta oxidize Palmitic acid to acetyl CoA is

A

Eight

118
Q

A cofactor required to process a 15 carbon fatty acid by beta oxidation is vitamin B

A

12

119
Q

If there is no oxaloacetate in the mitochondria, excess acetyl CoA will be converted to

A

Acetoacetate

120
Q

A fatty acid did not require carnitine for transport, required biotin in one step of its beta oxidation, and produced 4 NADH. The fatty acid is

A

Nonanoic Acid

121
Q

The nucleoli

A

have rRNA and proteins

122
Q

The ribosomal subunits are made in the

A

nucleoli

123
Q

Chromatin is a complex structure that contains chromosomes and

A

polypeptides

124
Q

The part of the cell that contains a double membrane is the

A

nucleus

125
Q

Phospholipids are assembled in the

A

SER

126
Q

The number of fatty acids in a storage lipid is

A

3

127
Q

The number of fatty acids in a sphingolipid is

A

1

128
Q

The largest internal membrane is in the

A

ER

129
Q

Hydrolytic enzymes that require low pH for activation are present in the

A

lysosome

130
Q

Within the cell, Ca2+ is maintained in the

A

SER

131
Q

The oxidation of fatty acids is performed mostly by the

A

peroxysomes

132
Q

Catalase is commonly present in the

A

peroxysome

133
Q

Catalase converts H2O2 into

A

H2O and O2

134
Q

In the reaction of catalase with H2O2 the atoms that get oxidized and reduces are

A

O and O

135
Q

The reaction of an acid with an amine normally occurs when one makes

A

proteins

136
Q

Amides are present naturally in

A

proteins

137
Q

Cis and trans faces are present in the

A

golgi

138
Q

Hydrolysis of an ester produces

A

an acid and an alcohol

139
Q

Oxidation number of the carbon attached to a primary alcohol?

A

-1

140
Q

Oxidation number of the carbon of an aldehyde

A

+1

141
Q

Oxidation number of the carboxylic carbon of a carboxylic acid

A

+3

142
Q

Oxidation of the carbon of a secondary amine

A

-1

143
Q

Oxidation number of the S in H2SO4

A

+6

144
Q

Majority of carbons in 18:1(Δ9) have the oxidation number

A

-2

145
Q

The compound all cis 18:3(Δ9,12,15) has the common name

A

alpha linolenic acid

146
Q

The compound all cis 18:3(Δ9,12,15) is an omega

A

3

147
Q

The fatty acid most commonly made by animal cells is

A

Palmitic

148
Q

18:0 corresponds to the fatty acid

A

Stearic

149
Q

Waxes are

A

esters

150
Q

True or false: an omega 3 fatty acid must have 3 double bonds

A

False

151
Q

True or false: all unsaturated natural fatty acids, including those from milk are cis

A

False

152
Q

Chemically sphingosine is a(n)

A

aminoalcohol

153
Q

The sum of the oxidation numbers of the 3 carbons of glycerol is

A

-2

154
Q

A TAG that contains 18:0 as the only FA should be liquid compared to one that contains all cis 18:3 (Δ9,12,15) as the only FA

A

False

155
Q

Plasmologens are commonly present in the

A

Heart

156
Q

The antigens involved in blood type are normally

A

glycosphingolipids

157
Q

The number of positively charged amino acids is

A

3

158
Q

The number of polar uncharged amino acids is

A

5

159
Q

The total number of aromatic amino acids is

A

4

160
Q

The number of pKas for Arg is

A

3

161
Q

The number of pKas for Gln is

A

2

162
Q

Asm is polar because it contains a functional group called

A

amide

163
Q

When [A-]=[HA] in the equilibrium then

A

pKa = pH

164
Q

The major protein of humans is present as

A

collagen

165
Q

The number of pKas in Trp is

A

2

166
Q

The number of non polar essential amino acids is

A

4

167
Q

The aromatic amino acids have an absorption in the

A

UV

168
Q

In the conversion of 2 Cis to the disulfide Cystine the total electrons changed is

A

-2

169
Q

The net charge in the zwitterion form of Ice is

A

0

170
Q

If a protein has a lot of type 1 beta turns, most likely has the aa

A

Pro

171
Q

Beta conformations are present in

A

silk

172
Q

A motif frequently seen in collagen is

A

Gly-Pro-X

173
Q

The aa that can adopt a cis beta turn configuration in peptides is

A

Pro

174
Q

The only aa with a non-aromatic ring is

A

Pro

175
Q

If the Kd of a protein with ligand X is 1x10^-18 M, it means the binding is

A

Very strong

176
Q

The amino acid involved in holding thereon in myoglobin is a

A

positively charged

177
Q

An amino acid used to transport ammonia from the muscles is

A

Ala

178
Q

A branched amino acid is

A

Ile

179
Q

An amino acid present in SAMe useful in methylations is

A

Met

180
Q

An amino acid that acts also as a neurotransmitter is

A

Gly

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