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Head and Neck > Prevertebral Region and Pharynx > Flashcards

Prevertebral Region and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

anterior prevertebral muslces include

A

longus coli
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior
anterior scalene

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2
Q

posterior prevertebral muslces include? what are they posterior to?

A 
rectus capitis lateralis
middle scalene
posterior scalene
splenius capitis
levator scapulae

posterior to cervical, brachial plexus + subclavian art

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3
Q

root of neck boundaries

A

infr: laterally by 1st pair of ribs + costal cartilages
antr: manubrium of sternum
postr: body of T1

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4
Q

which subclavian branches directly off aorta?

A

L

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5
Q

subclavian art divisions

A

divided by anterior scalene

1: (3) verterbral art, internal thoracic, thyrocervial trunk
2: (1) costocervical artery
3: (0-1) 25% of the time dorsal scapular (normally off transverse cervical/cervicodorsal trunk)

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6
Q

vertebral artery parts? courses through?

A

cervical: ascends into pyramidal space (longus coli and scalenes)
vertebral: foramina of C6 -> C1
suboccipital part: groove on post arch of atlas -> foramen magnum
cranial: merge to form basilar art

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7
Q

what does EJV drain into? ANJ? what is junction of IJV and subclavian to form branchiocephalic called?

A

subclavian v, EJV, venous angle

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8
Q

what space does recurrent laryngeal n course through? funct comp?

A

tracheoesophageal groove

BM SA [VE-para/pre VA] <- cardiac branches

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9
Q

where does phrenic n originate and course?

A

ventral rami C3-5

anterior surface of anterior scalene

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10
Q

cervical portion of sympathetic trunk synapse at? sym/post fibers can travel to?

A

one of the 3 cervical ganglion
travel to:
1) cervical spinal nerves via gray rami
2) thoracic viscera via superior/middle/inferior cardiopulmonary splanchnic n
3) head/neck viscera via cephalic arterial branches as sympathetic periarterial plexus

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11
Q

what does each cervical sympathetic ganglia give off? what vertebral levels are they at?

A

superior: @ C1 & C2, help form 1) ICA/ECA sympathetic plexus 2) sym/post to ventral rami of C1-C4 nerves 3) supr cervical cardiac n (cardiopulmonary splanchnic n)
middle: @ C6 1) sym/post to ventral rami of C5-6 nerves 2) middle cervical cardiac n (cardiopulmonary splanchnic)
inferior: @C7. sends sym/post to ventral rami of C7-8 nerves 2) inferior cervical cardiac n (cardiopulmonary splanchnic)

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12
Q

pharynx layers of fasica? circular principal muscularture? longitudinal muscles? what do they do?

A 
pharyngobasilar fasica (b/t mucosa and skeletal muscle layers)
buccopharyngeal fascia (exterior of pharynx)
superior/middle/inferior constrictor: involuntary contract to propel food during 3rd stage of deglutition
palatopharyngeus/salpingopharyngeus/stylopharyngeus: raise pharynx during 2nd phase of deglutition + elevate the larynx during swallowing + speaking
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13
Q

start from mucosa and stop at prevertebral fascia

A

mucosa -> submucosa -> pharyngobasilar fascia -> pharyngeal muscles -> buccopharyngeal fascia -> retropharyngeal space -> alar fascia -> danger/prevertebral space -> prevertebral fascia

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14
Q

adenoids happen when _ is inflammed in the nasopharynx? what happens if spread to middle ear? what is the ridge above auditory tube opening? what is the fold extending from the a tube? what is posterior to all this?

A

pharyngeal tonsil -> otitis media
torus tubarius
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharyngeal recess

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15
Q

structures in oropharynx, clinical correlates?

A

lingual tonsil
palatine tonsil -> inflammed -> tonsillitis
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch

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16
Q

food bolus passes through what folds? and extends into what space? what are depressions b/t folds? what is the funct comp of internal laryngeal n (CNX) in this region?

A

median + lateral glossoepiglottic folds
piriform recess
valleculla
VE-para/pre, VA, SS

17
Q

4 pharyngeal wall gaps, what is in each?

A

1) pharyngobasilar fascia, so no structure passes through
2) stylopharyngeus + glossopharyngeal n (CNIX) + stylohyoid ligament
3) internal laryngeal n (CNX) + superior laryngeal a/v
4) recurrent laryngeal n (CNX) + infr laryngeal a/v

18
Q

innervation of pharynx is via which 2 structures. funct comp?

A

1) pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG):
- VE-sym/post to vessels
- VE-para/post to mucosal glands
- SA to mucosa
- VA
2) pharyngeal plexus (CNIX+X+sympathetic fibers)
- VE-sym/post to vessels
- VE-para/pre from CNX to mucosal glands
- SA from IX to nsopharynx (infr portion ) and oropharynx
- VA from X to laryngopharynx
- BM from X to pharyngeal muscles (does NOT inlude BM from CNIX to stylopharyngeus)

19
Q

sensory innervation of mucosa comes from

A

CNV2 (SA)
CNIX (SA)
CNX (VA)

20
Q

motor innervation of mucosa

A

parasympathetics from CNVII and CNX
VE-para/post (CNVII via PPG and pharyngeal branch)
VE-para/post (CNX)
VE-para/post (CNX)

21
Q

blood supply to pharynx

A

from ECA: ascending pharyngeal, facial, lingual, pharyngeal art branches from infr thyroid

22
Q

ant/mid/post scalene inn + funct

A

ventral rami C4-6/3-8/7-8

flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st/1st/2nd rib during inspiration

23
Q

longus colli and capitits inn + funct

A

ventral rami C2-6/C1-3

flexes neck and bends C2-7/flexion of head @ neck@ atlanto occipital joints

24
Q

rectus capitis lateralis/anterior inn + funct

A

ventral rami C1-2 for both

flexes head and helps stabilize it/flexion of head @ neck @ atlanto occipital jt

25
Q

what makes up the Waldeyer’s Ring

A

palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal tonsils

26
Q

innervation to pharynx muscles?

A

all CNX except stylopharyngeus (CNIX)

27
Q

stages of deglutition

A

1) voluntary (oropharynx mainly via tongue)
2) involuntary/rapid (soft palate elevates, suprahyoid + longitudinal pharyngeal muscles -> larynx/pharynx elevate)
3) involuntary: contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictors

28
Q

horner syndrome, what happens?

A

sympathetic lesion leading to…
pupillary constriction (paralysis of dilator pupillae)
ptosis (superior tarsal not functioning)
sinking of eyeball (enophthalomos)
vasodilation & absence of sweating on face (anhydrosis)

29
Q

cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion block where? relieves what? beneficial to person w/ what?

A

around C6
vascular spasms in brain/upper limb
excessive vasoconstriction of ipsilateral upper limb

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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