Nasal Cavity and Palate

Question 1

roof, floor, lateral + medial walls of nasal cavity

Answer 1

roof: frontonasal + ethmoidal + sphenoidal bones
floor: palatine process (maxilla) + horizontal plate of palatine bone
lateral wall: nasal conchae
medial: nasal septum

Question 2

nasal septum consists of?

Answer 2

vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
septal cartilage

Question 3

nasal septum blood supply

Answer 3

4
septal branches of ant. + post ethmoid art. (ophthalmic)
septal branch of sphenopalatine (3rd maxiallary)
distal greater palatine (3nd maxillary -> descending palatine)

Question 4

nasal septum innervation

Answer 4

5
anterior ethmoidal n (V1 -> nasociliary)
CN I
internal branch of infraorbital n (off V2)
nasopalatine n (off V2, travles w sphenopalatine art)
posterior (supr + infr) medial nasal n (off V2)

Question 5

lateral nasal wall blood supply

Answer 5

4
ant + post ethmoidal art (off ophthalmic art.)
lateral nasal art (off facial)
sphenopalatine art (off 3rd maxillary art)

Question 6

lateral nasal wall innervation

Answer 6

4
anterior ethomidal n (V1 -> nasociliary)
CN I
internal branch of infraorbital n (off V2)
posterior (supr + infr) lateral nasal n (off V2)

Question 7

what is the funct comp of all nerve off PPG, which nerves do they travel from/towards?

Answer 7

generally: SA VA VE-sym/post + para/post
except: lesser palatine (has SS for taste from soft palate)
sym/post for blood flow regulation
para/post for all secretomotor inn. to mucosal glands

Question 8

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

frontal
ethmoidal
maxillary
sphenoid

Question 9

frontal sinus drainage

Answer 9

frontal -> frontalnasal duct -> ethmoidal infundibulum -> MIDDLE meatus

Question 10

ethmoid sinus drainage

Answer 10

ethomoid

• anterior ethmoidal air cells -> ethmoidal infund. -> MIDDLE meatus
• middle ethmoidal air cells -> ethmoidal bulla -> MIDDLE meatus
• posterior ethmoidal air cells -> directly into SUPERIOR meatus

Question 11

sphenoid sinus drainage

Answer 11

sphenoid

directly -> SPHENOETHMOIDAL recess

Question 12

maxillary sinus drainage

Answer 12

maxillary-> semilunar hiatus -> MIDDLE meatus

Question 13

lacrimal sac drainage

Answer 13

lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> INFERIOR meatus

Question 14

hard palate is formed by ___ and ___

Answer 14

palatine process (maxilla) and horizontal plates of palatine bones

Question 15

upper alveolar contains how many teeth total? divided into

Answer 15

16: 4 incisors 2 canines 4 premolars 6 molars

Question 16

hard palate neurovasculature: which openings, what comes out of each? funct comp when appropriate

Answer 16

incisive canal: nasopalatine n* (V2) and sphenopalatine art

greater palatine foramen: greater palatine n* (V2) and vessels <- MAIN SUPPLIER FOR HARD PALATE (and associated mucosa + gland)

lesser palatine foramen: lesser palatine n** (V2) and vessels

• SA VE-sym/post para/post, VA
• • SA VE-sym/post para/post, VA, SS

Question 17

soft palate is formed by which two arches? what lies b/t them? what structures are the mucosa here covering? what’s the apeture leading from mouth -> oropharynx

Answer 17

palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal
palatine tonsils
palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles
fauces

Question 18

which muscles are associated w the soft palate, function and innervation?

Answer 18

tensor veli palatini: tenses SP, V3 (muscular branch)

levator veli palatini: elevates SP, CNX

musculus uvulae: shortens/pulls up uvula, CNX

palatoglossus: elevates postr tongue, depress SP, CNX
palatopharyngeus: depress SP, pulls pharynx walls supr/antr/medially during swallow, CNX

Question 19

which stage of swallowing are soft palate muscles involved with

Answer 19

2nd, involuntary, rapid

Question 20

pterygopalatine fossa contains:

Answer 20

maxillary n, PPG, 3rd part maxillary art and branches

Question 21

pterygopalatine fossa bounded by

Answer 21

roof: greater wing of sphenoid
antr: post maxilla
postr: pterygoid process (sphenoid)
med: perpendicular plate of palatine
lat: pteryogmaxillary fissure
floor: pyramidal process of palatine bone

Question 22

pterygopalatine fossa communicates w __ laterally, ___ medially, ___ anterosuperiorly, ___ posterosuperiorly

Answer 22

infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen
orbit through inferior orbital fissure
middle cranial fossa via foramen rotundum + pterygoid canal

Question 23

what does the greater petrosal branch off of? what funct comp?

Answer 23

CNVII

para/pre, VA + SS taste for soft palate

Question 24

what is the deep petrosal a branch off of? what funct comp?

Answer 24

internal carotid sympathetic periarterial plexus

sym/post VA

Question 25

branches of PPG

Answer 25

7
orbital branches
fibers to lacrimal gland
posterior superior lateral/medial nasal
nasopalatine
greater palatine
lesser palatine
pharyngeal

Question 26

epistaxis occurs at the site of anastomosis b/t which 2 art? what is the area referred to as

Answer 26

greater palatine (descending palatine) and sphenopalatine
Kiesselbach's area

Question 27

rhinitis can spread to

Answer 27

5
antr crancial fossa via cribriform plate
lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva
middle ear via auditory tube
nasopharynx and retropharyngeal tissues 
paranasal sinuses