Prevertebral muscles and scalene muscles

Question 1

Anterior scalene muscle

Answer 1

• Origin: anterior tubercle of transverse processes of C3-C6
• Fibres run caudally
• Insertion: scalene tubercle on 1st rib (anterior to sulcus a. subclaviae)

Question 2

Middle scalene muscle

Answer 2

• Origin: transvese processes of C1-C7
• Descends caudally
• Insertion: 1st rib, dorsal to sulcus a. subclaviae

Question 3

Posterior scalene muscle

Answer 3

• Origin: transverse processes of C5-C6
• Descends laterocaudally
• Insertion: cranial side of 2nd rib

Question 4

Innervation and function of scalene muscles

Answer 4

• Innervation: cervical plexus
• Function: UC - lateroflexion and rotation of the cervical backbone to HLS, BC - anteflexion of the cervical backbone, and at fixed cervical column they elevate the ribs - auxillary inspiratory muscles

Question 5

The scalene fissure

Answer 5

• Made by the anterior and middle scalene muscles and the 1st rib
• Brachial plexus penetrates it cranially and caudally the subclavian artery can be found

Question 6

Longus colli m.

Answer 6

• Origin:

1. Bodies of caudal cervical vert.
2. Bodies of cranial thoracic vert.
3. Transverse processes of cranial cervical vert.

• Insertion:

1. Anterior tubercle of atlas
2. Bodies of cranial thoracic vert.
3. Transverse process of caudal cervical vert.

Question 7

Longus capitis m.

Answer 7

• Origin: transverse process of C3-C6
• Insertion: basilar part of the occipital bone (dorsolaterally from tuberculum pharyngeum)

Question 8

Rectus capitis anterior m.

Answer 8

• Origin: transverse process of the atlas
• Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone
• Dorsolaterally from landus capitis

Question 9

Rectus capitis lateralis m.

Answer 9

• Origin: transverse process of the atlas
• Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone, laterally from condylus occipitalis

Question 10

Anterior cervical intertransverse muscles

Answer 10

• Between anterior tubercle of the transverse process of adjacent cervical vertebrae

Question 11

Innervation and function of prevertebral muscles

Answer 11

• Innervation: cervical plexus
• Function: UC - lateroflexion of the cervical backbone and head to the HLS, and BC - anteflexion of the cervical backbone and head